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Earth’s Interior • • • • • • Journey to the Center of Earth Trailer http://youtu.be/zfHvHwrL5gU Inside Planet Earth: Discovery Channel http://youtu.be/oR4Pb0ovVLU Great Video-------Down to the Earths Core, National Geographichttp://documentaries-plus.blogspot.com/2012/05/down-toearths-core.html How do we know what the center of the earth is like? What are some characteristics of the interior of the Earth? •The Earth’s Interior • • • • • • • • • Objectives: 1. Describe the changes of temperature, pressure and density at increasing depths below the earth’s surface . 2. Explain how the earth’s structure has been determined from seismic evidence. 3. Compare and contrast the properties of P waves and S waves. 4. Describe the location and composition of the earth’s core, mantle and crust. 5. Explain why the inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid. 6. Compare and contrast the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. 7. Define plasticity and explain its effect on the movement of the Earth’s crust. 8. Explain how the Moho boundary was discovered. Are we there yet?? If I were to dig a hole how do I know where to start digging? How far down do you think we’ve gone? Only about 7.5 miles of the 3,950 miles Has anyone every traveled to the center of the earth? Why even study earths layers? • Age of the earth • Composition of the earth • How new earth can be resurfaced Seismic waveswaves of energy that travel through the earth. Earthquakes explosions Created by Ocean waves wind P and S Waves Click here for animation P Waves S Waves -Primary Waves - Secondary Waves -travel faster then S Waves -travel slowly -cannot travel thru fluids •So why know P & S waves at all? • Identifies us what a model of the Earth’s interior would be Tsunami Video Structure of the Earth Seismic Velocity depends on: P Waves Fast Composition & Density of materials P Waves Slow Waves change direction and speed P Waves Fast Core Core Inner Core Outer Core Solid Molten, hot Liquid Iron & Nickel Iron & nickel Magnetic field 9,032° F ~6,500° F • Think about it • If the temperature of the inner core is higher than the outer core, why is the inner core solid and the outer core liquid? original heat subsequent radioactive decay conduction convection The Mantle Largest Layer 1600°F at the top and 4000°F at the bottom Moves by convection Plasticity- ability of a solid to slow or change in shape (taffy) The Mantle Largest Layer 1600˚F at the top and 4000˚F at the bottom Moves by convection Plasticity-ability of a solid to slow or change in shape (taffy) Asthenosphere directly below lithosphere upper edge of mantle made of hot, molten material plasticity Moho boundary Separates crust from the mantle -lowest part of the earths crust -seismic waves change velocity Earth’s Crust Magma Granite Rock Moho Boundary Basalt Rock Upper Layers of the Earth Lithosphere • solid, outer layer • consists of crustal plates •Review • Name the four layers of the Earth in order from the outside to the center of the Earth. • What causes the mantle to "flow"? • What are the two main metals that make up the outer and inner core? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thuViax Rd_w&feature=related • Journey to earths core: history channel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTDEQB w6yx4