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Music Terminology (continued) Be able to define, explain, use in a sentence, etc. NB. My definitions. Most of these are not in the Textbook. The 4 Parameters of Sound • PITCH = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) • DURATION = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) • TIMBRE = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) • DYNAMICS = Loudness/Softness Dynamics • How loud/soft (Duh!) – literally, the amount of energy in a sound • forte = “loud” (literally, “strong”) • piano = “soft” • mezzo = “medium” • Levels: fff - ff - f - mf – mp – p – pp - ppp • crescendo = becoming louder • decrescendo = becoming softer (also, diminuendo) The 4 Parameters of Sound • PITCH = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) • DURATION = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) • TIMBRE = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) • DYNAMICS = Loudness/Softness Some Useful Terms related to Pitch • Interval – “distance” between 2 pitches (actually the ratio of frequencies/vibrations) • Octave – 2:1 ratio of frequency - What is an Octave - YouTube • • • • Tonality – organization around home pitch Tonic – the home pitch Key – collection of pitches around a tonal center Scale – set of pitches in ascending and descending order (scala [Ital.] = “ladder”) - Music Theory 101: Scales and Modes – YouTube - The Major Scale Formula: Lesson 1 Music Theory – YouTube - Understanding the Natural Minor Scale... - YouTube Piano Keyboard & Great Staff One Chromatic Octave Western Scale types • Use only 7 of 12 available pitches • Series of whole and half steps • Major – W-W-1/2-W-W-W-1/2 (sounds “bright,” “cheery,” “optimistic”) • Minor – W-1/2-W-W-1/2-W-W (sounds “dark,” “somber,” “sinister”) • Diatonic (major or minor) - The diffference between Major & Minor Scales - Class Notes: Major and Minor -- What's the Difference? • Chromatic (uses all 12 notes) - Chromatic Scales: Music Theory - YouTube Harmony (Some Useful terms) • • • • Chord – 2 or more simultaneous pitches Triad – 3-note chord (1-3-5 in a scale) Tonic – the home pitch (name of “key”) Consonant / Consonance – “pleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective) • Dissonant / Dissonance – “unpleasant” combinations of sounds (subjective) • Exs. - Musical Consonance & Dissonance Explained... - Consonance and Dissonance 1 - Consonance and Dissonance 2 Pitches in time • Melody (tune) – coherent / succession of / single pitches [3 parts to definition] – similar to speech - Introducing Melody - Bernstein - What is a Melody? 1 - Bernstein - What is a Melody? 2 • Phrase – subdivisions of melody • Cadence – resting points TEXTURE • Interrelationship of melodic & harmonic elements (what’s happening at any given moment in the piece) Two Basic Kinds of Textures • Monophonic / Monophony • Polyphonic /Polyphony Subdivides into several different types Monophony / Monophonic • ONE musical line only • Multiple performers possible (on that one line) = “unison” [“one sound”] • Examples - What is a Monophonic Texture? – YouTube - Musical Textures - Monophonic – YouTube • Monophonic vs. NOT Monophonic - Mike Geier Sings National Anthem - Whitney Houston - Star Spangled Banner