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• • • • • • • • • • • • Crime and Punishment Keywords Crime: an act against the law Judgement: the act of judging people and their actions Justice: due allocation of reward and punishment/the maintenance of what is right Law: rules made by parliament and enforceable by the courts Capital Punishment: the death penalty for a crime or offence Deterrence: the idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off committing crimes Rehabilitation: restore to normal life Reform: the idea that punishments should try to change criminals so they will not commit crimes again Retribution: the idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong Sin: an act against the will of God Addiction: a recurring compulsion to engage in an activity regardless of its bad effects Responsibility: being responsible for one’s own actions Why do we need laws? • Groups need rules to organise the behaviour of individuals – people know what sort of behaviour to expect from each other • People can work and be involved in business without someone else taking the rewards for their work • Protects the weak from the strong • Keeps everything organised in an advanced civilisation Why Do Laws Need to be Just (Fair)? • St Thomas Aquinas says: • Otherwise people will feel it’s OK to break them and society may collapse • If some are unjust, people may think all are – if they were they would not be fulfilling their purpose • Otherwise people will not obey and will campaign causing trouble in society • If laws don’t create a just society, people will think the legal system is not working and may start a civil war. Christianity and Justice • Christians believe justice is important because: • Bible – teaches that God will reward the righteous and punish those who sin • Bible – teaches that people should be treated fairly: ‘treat others as you wish to be treated’. • Jesus – teaches the rich should share their wealth with the poor • Christian Churches - campaign for justice and equality • ‘…And there is no God apart from me, a righteous God and saviour…’ • ‘’Blessed are those who hunger and search for righteousness’ • ‘Anyone who does not do what is right is not a child of God’ • ‘Love thy neighbour” Judaism and Justice Jews believe justice is important because: • Jews believe that God is just and that people should try to be like God • Torah – contains a system of Justice • Torah – teaches that God is a God of justice. • Tenakh - people should be treated fairly and not cheated. • ‘Treat others as you wish to be treated’. • World Jewish Relief - a charity that seeks justice for the poor • Jews are involved in the struggle for human rights: • ‘Seek good not evil…then the Lord God Almighty will be with you’. • ‘Love thy neighbour” Theories of Punishment (why we punish people) • Retribution – Criminals should pay for their crime. – They should suffer for what they have done – Their punishment should match the crime • Deterrence – Punishment should put people off committing crimes – If people know they will get a severe punishment they will be less likely to commit a crime • Reform/Rehabilitation – Criminals taught not to commit crime again – Looks at reason why they committed crime and tries to resolve this • Protection – Protect society from criminals and their actions Non-Religious Arguments For and Against the Death Penalty FOR • Good deterrent • Protects society • Retribution AGAINST • How can we be sure they are guilty? • Statistics show it does not work as a deterrent • If a murderer knows they will be killed if caught they are more likely to kill more people to avoid being caught • Human life is too important • Could argue life imprisonment is worse Christian attitudes towards Capital Punishment AGREE -‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’. - The Bible sets out laws and the death penalty is a punishment for breaking some of those laws - The Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England still officially support it. - St Thomas Aquinas believed that peace can be preserved by using capital punishment DISAGREE -Jesus wanted to reform sinners and it is not possible to reform a person who has been killed -Jesus banned retribution – “Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also.” - Sanctity of Life -Many Christian Priests, Ministers, Vicars and Bishops have condemned capital punishment. -“Love thy neighbour” - “Thou shall not kill” Jewish attitudes towards Capital Punishment Most AGREE Some DISAGREE -‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’. - The Torah sets out laws and the death penalty is a punishment for breaking some of those laws -Jewish theory of punishment punishment should be for the protection of society -Talmud - capital punishment is allowed - Sanctity of Life -“Love thy neighbour” -Believe that the teachings of the Torah and the Talmud need updating - “Thou shall not kill” Christian and Jewish Attitudes to Illegal Drugs All Christians against it: • “Body is a temple” • Against the law • Christian Churches say people shouldn’t take illegal drugs • Effects could make it difficult to worship God All Jewish people against it • Lack of concentration which is needed to pray, • Lack of concentration which is needed to fulfil Mitzvot (commandments) and learn Torah • Duty to honour your parents • The Torah says – “You shall be holy” Christian Attitudes to Alcohol and Tobacco Most - OK in Moderation • Jesus turned water to wine • St Paul – Christians can drink in moderation – “Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine for your stomach” • Jesus drank wine • Alcoholic wine used during communion Some (Pentecostals, Salvation Army, many Methodists) – Total Abstinence • “Body is a temple of the holy spirit” • Bible warns against drunkenness • Concerned by social and health problems • Many work with recovering addicts Jewish Attitudes to Alcohol • Most Jewish people – OK in Moderation • Tenakh –wine “gladdens the human heart” • Use of wine required in some rituals • BUT only in moderation: • Tenakh – condemns drunkenness – anyone under the influence may not perform religious, legal or political functions. Forbidden to pray until sober. • Torah – “you shall be holy”– Jewish people must be moderate in use of alcohol