Download Parts of speech

Parts of Speech
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Interjections
All parts of speech are determined by how the
word FUNCTIONS within a sentence.
Noun
Traditional definition: a word that names a
person, place, thing , or idea
Noun
A Noun Functions as:
– Subject (Names the person, place, thing or idea that the
sentence is talking about)
– Direct Object (Follows a transitive verb and receives the action
of the verb)
– Indirect Object (Follows a transitive verb and receives the
direct object)
– Predicate Nominative (Follows a linking verb and renames the
subject--a.k.a. “subject complement”)
– Object of Preposition (Follows a preposition)
– Appositive (Renames the noun it follows)
– Direct Address (Names a person or persons spoken to in a
sentence)
– Object of Verbals (Follows infinitives, gerunds, or participles)
– Object Complement (Follows a direct object and identifies it)
Noun
Bob hit a homerun over the fence.
S
V
DO
1) Find the verb.
2) Find the subject.
Ask “Who” or “What” + Verb = Subject
3) Find any direct objects.
Say “Subject” + “Verb” then ask “Whom” or “What”
4) Find any indirect objects.
Say “Subject” + “Verb” + “Direct Object” then ask
“To Whom” or “To What” or “For Whom” or “For What”
No indirect objects in this sentence.
Noun
Harry bought Mary a cute puppy with floppy ears.
S
V
IO
DO
Verb
Subject
Direct Object
Indirect Object
Note the Sentence Pattern: The IO comes between
the V and DO
An Appositive is a noun that follows another noun
and renames it.
Rich, the best student in the class, earned an A.
S
App
OP
DO
Most often, appositives are surrounded by commas
and can be taken out of the sentence without
changing the meaning of the sentence.
Appositives add information, but not necessarily
information important to the grammar or sense of
the sentence.
Pronoun
A word that can take the place of a noun
Example: John is here. He is here.
There are many types of pronouns that are not so easily
explained. See the lists in your grammar book and read
them over frequently.
Some pronouns are
that, which, his, anyone, its, mine, herself, one . . .
The list goes on. See your Grammar book page 123.
Types of Pronouns
Personal – refer to a person or persons:
I, he, her, them . . .
Reflexive or Intensive – all end in –self or –selves
myself, themselves . . .
Demonstrative – this, that, these, those
Indefinite – one, anyone, something, either . . .
Relative – that, which, who, whose . . .
Verb
A verb is a word that expresses action or a
state of being.
Every sentence has at least one verb.
In sentences that contain direct objects, the verb is a
Transitive Verb--it transfers the action from the subject
to the object. The direct object receives the action of
the verb.
Jack gave his dog a biscuit.
S V
IO
DO
In sentences that contain no direct objects, the verb is an
Intransitive Verb--the subject performs an action which
does not transfer to an object.
Jack sings in the chorus.
S V
OP
To Be
Present
Past
Future
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
Progressive
Singular
am, are, is
was; were
will/shall be
has/have been
had been
will/shall have been
being
Plural
are
were
will/shall be
have been
had been
will/shall have been
being
Adjective
• A word that describes a noun or pronoun.
Example: a blue van
What else one should know about adjectives:
• They are removable. The sentence stands without them
• They usually come in front of the noun.
• They can usually be compared: blue, bluer, bluest
• They answer the questions:
– Which one?
– What kind?
– How many? How much?
Adverb
• A word that describes a verb (most of the time),
an adjective or another adverb
Example: He drove quickly down the lane. (verb)
Her hair color is too red. (adjective)
She wrote her essay very carefully. (adverb)
Prepositions
• Words that connect one word with another.
Example: the top of his head. of connects top and
head.
Prepositions show relationships between words.
You must MEMORIZE the list of prepositions and
become extremely familiar with it. See your
grammar book page 131.
A Prepositional Phrase begins with a preposition and ends
with an object of preposition (a noun or pronoun).
Prepositional phrases act as modifiers--adjectives or
adverbs.
The ball rolled under the table.
S
V
PP
OP
“under the table” answers the question “Where?” so the PP
acts as an adverb.
The dog with the red collar ran home.
S PP
OP V
“with the red collar” answers the question “Which one?” so
the PP acts as an adjective.
A Phrase is a group of words that functions as one
part of speech.
They have thrown the ball under the car.
S
V
DO PP
OP
“have thrown” acts as one verb.
“under the car” answers the question “Where?” so it
functions as one adverb.
A Clause is a group of words containing a subject
and verb.
Do not confuse a phrase with a clause.