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Volume Graphics: What’s in the Cards Baoquan Chen Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Twin Cities http://www.cs.umn.edu/~baoquan Historical Perspective - 70’s–Early 80’s 1970 First report - 3D oscilloscopic images 1970's Medical imaging 1978 3D surface presentation [Sunguroff&Greenberg] 1979 1981 1982 Cuberille [Herman & Liu] Depth only shading [Herman & Udupa] Octree machine [Meagher] Voxel processor [Goldwasser et al.] Ray casting [Tuy & Tuy] Cube-1 architecture [Kaufman et al.] Back-to-front & Front-to-back, Depth gradient shading [Gordon et al.] Contextual shading [Chen et al.] 1984 1985 Historical Perspective - Late 80’s 1986 3D scan conversion [Kaufman & Shimony] Grey-level shading [Hoehne & Bernstein] 1987 Marching cubes [Lorensen & Cline] NSF ViSC Report 1988 Volume rendering [Levoy; Drebin et al; Upson & Keeler; Sabella] Dividing Cubes [Cline et al.] 1989 Splatting [Westover] Historical Perspective- The 90’s-00’s 1989, 1990 – 04 Biannual VolVis Symposia 1990 – 05 Visualization Conference 1995 – 05 Information Visualization Symposia 1996 ONR Volume Graphics Workshop 1999,01,03,05 Volume Graphics Workshops 2004 NIH/NSF VRC’04 A Summary of the Status • Lots of papers • Volume visualization a commodity • Some commercial visualization systems • Cheers! Is/Does Paul Happy/Care? Paul Woodward, Astronomy, U. Minnesota A Few Points to Ponder 1. Design of Volume Visualization − Exploration vs. Presentation? Avoid 3D! [Bordoloi & Shen, Vis 2005] Interaction/Animation Harmful A Few Points to Ponder 1. Design of Volume Visualization − Exploration vs. Presentation? Avoid 3D! − Simple, Concise, Clear Clutter and Confusion are failures Illustrators are paid to remove of design, not attributes of visual information – Patrick Lynch information – Edward Tufte Image removed due to copyright concern Respect Lines [Yuan & Chen, VisSym 2004] A Few Points to Ponder 1. Design of Volume Visualization − Exploration vs. Presentation? Avoid 3D! − Simple, Concise, Clear − Small or large data High Dynamic Range Volume Rendering [Yuan, Nguyen & Chen, Vis 05] 2048^3 homogenous decaying compressible fluid turbulence A Few Points to Ponder 1. Design of Volume Visualization − − − − Exploration vs. Presentation? Avoid 3D! Simple, Concise, Clear Small or large data Visualization vs. InfoVis or Data mining or other data analysis A Few Points to Ponder 2. Human-Visualization Interface − Virtual vs. Real/physical metaphor A Few Points to Ponder 2. Human-Visualization Interface − Virtual vs. Real/physical metaphor − 3D vs. 2D Sketch-based Lighting Design [Shesh & Chen, 2005] Sketch-based Lighting Design Sketch-based Volume Cutout Sketch-based Volume Cutout Sketch-based Volume Cutout A Few Points to Ponder 3. Evaluation of Volume Visualization − Benchmarks (datasets, tasks, use case) − Based on perception and cognitive science − Demonstrated utility − Usability − Range of devices and network speed − Visual impairments − Range of cognitive skills − Novice users, etc. − Measuring insight/knowledge gained − Excellent discussions in [van Wijk, Vis 05] Image removed due to copyright concern Truth & beauty