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Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum Month Standard Code September 7.NS.1.a 7.NS.1.b 7.NS.1.c 7.NS.1.d 7.EE.1 Standard Unit Title: Review of Algebraic fundamentals 7.NS.1 Apply and extend previous understandings of addition and subtraction to add and subtract rational numbers; represent addition and subtraction on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram. a. Describe situations in which opposite quantities combine to make 0. b. Understand p + q as the number located a distance |q| from p, in the positive or negative direction depending on whether q is positive or negative. Show that a number and its opposite have a sum of 0 (are additive inverses). Interpret sums of rational numbers by describing real-world contexts. c. Understand subtraction of rational numbers as adding the additive inverse, p – q = p + (–q). Show that the distance between two rational numbers on the number line is the absolute value of their difference, and apply this principle in realworld contexts. Learning Activities Assessment Write variable expressions for word phrases Use order of operations with variables Add, subtract, divide, multiply of integers Evaluate expressions Understand the basic functions of your scientific calculator and graphing calculator Checkpoint quizzes Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal entry Interdisciplinary Connections Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Physical Education and Health 2.1.8.E.4 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d World Language 7.1.NM.B.2 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum d. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract rational numbers. 7.EE.1 Use properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. 1. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand linear expressions with rational coefficients. September – October 8.EE.7.a 8.EE.7.b A-REI.3 Unit Title: Solving One-Step and Two-step and Multi-step Equations and Inequalities 8.EE.7 Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. :Solve linear equations in one variable: a. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different Review key properties of identify, commutative, associative and distributive Simplify variable expressions Solve one step equations by addition or subtraction Solve one step equations by multiplying or dividing Solve inequalities by adding or subtracting Solve inequalities by multiplying or Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal entry Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 5.2.8.E.1 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum numbers). b. Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms. Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d dividing Solve two and multi step equations and inequalities A-REI.3 Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. October 8.NS.1 8.NS.2 8.EE.7.a 8.EE.7.b A-REI.3 Unit Title: Using Decimals in Equations 8.NS Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. 1. Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal 8.EE.7 Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of simultaneous linear equations. Round and estimate decimals Write formulas using a spreadsheet Solve equations with decimals Recognize that repeating decimals correspond to fractions and determine their fractional equivalents Construct meanings for common irrational numbers, such pi and the square root of 2 Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal entry Graphing calculator activity – Mean and Median Spreadsheet activity Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.8.A.4 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Solve linear equations in one variable: a. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different numbers). b. Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms. A-REI.3 Solve equations and inequalities in one variable 3. Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. November 8.EE.1 8.EE.3 8.EE.4 8.NS.1 8.NS.2 7.NS.3 Unit Title: Factors, Fractions, and Exponents 8.EE.1 1. Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical Use exponentiation to find whole number powers of numbers. Use and explain procedures for Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum expressions. For example, 32 × 3–5 = 3–3 = 1/33 = 1/27. 8.EE.3. Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and to express how many times as much one is than the other. For example, estimate the population of the United States as 3 × 108 and the population of the world as 7 × 109, and determine that the world population is more than 20 times larger. 8.EE.4. Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology. 8.NS.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal performing calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation with integers and all number types Use negative exponents Multiply and divide in scientific notation Understand and use rational and irrational numbers Solve least common multiple word problems Find common factors and prime factorization of two or more numbers Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal entry Graphing calculator activity – Evaluating expressions Calculator – Scientific Notation Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Social Studies 6.3.8.C.1 Language Arts SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum 8.NS.2 Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., π2). For example, by truncating the decimal expansion of √2, show that √2 is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations. 7.NS Apply and extend previous understandings of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers. 3. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers December January 8.NS.2 8.EE.1 8.EE.7.a 8.EE.7.b Unit Title: Operations with Fractions 8.NS Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and approximate them by rational numbers. 2. Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions (e.g., π2). For example, by truncating the decimal expansion of √2, Compare and order numbers of all named types: rational numbers, percents, exponents, and numbers in scientific notation Find the least common multiple To write fractions as decimals To write Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum show that √2 is between 1 and 2, then between 1.4 and 1.5, and explain how to continue on to get better approximations. 8.EE.1 Work with radicals and integer exponents. 1. Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. For example, 32 × 3–5 = 3–3 = 1/33 = 1/27. 8.EE.7.a a. Give examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Show which of these possibilities is the case by successively transforming the given equation into simpler forms, until an equivalent equation of the form x = a, a = a, or a = b results (where a and b are different numbers). 8.EE.7.b Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms. January – February 8.EE.5 8.EE.8.a 8.EE.8.b 8.EE.8.c 8.F.1 8.F.2 Unit Title: Linear Functions 8.EE.5 Understand the connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear equations. Graph proportional relationships, terminating and repeating decimals as fractions To add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers To multiply and divide fractions Use dimensional analysis to convert units of measure Solving equations by adding or subtracting fractions Solving equations by multiplying fractions Solve multi-step equations with fractions and decimals To find powers of products To find powers of quotients To review the coordinate plane To determine whether a relation is a function To graph relations Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum 8.F.3 8.F.4 8.F.5 8.SP.1 8.SP.2 8.SP.3 8.SP.4 interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways. For example, compare a distance-time graph to a distance-time equation to determine which of two moving objects has greater speed. 8.EE.8 Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations. a. Understand that solutions to a system of two linear equations in two variables correspond to points of intersection of their graphs, because points of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously. b. Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations. Solve simple cases by inspection. For example, 3x + 2y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 6 have no solution because 3x + 2y cannot simultaneously be 5 and 6. c. Solve real-world and mathematical problems leading to two linear equations in two variables. 8.F Define, evaluate, and compare and functions To use tables, graphs, or listed numerically to determine the slope of the function. To find solutions of equations with two variables To graph linear equations with two variables To find the slope of a line To use slopeintercept form in graphing a linear equation To write a function rule for a word relationship To write a function rule by analyzing a table or graph To interpret and draw scatter plots To use scatter plots to find trends To solve systems of equations of linear equations by graphing To solve systems of linear equations to solve problems To solve systems of linear inequalities by Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal Graphing calculator activities Rap song Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Visual and Performing Arts 1.3.8.B.2 1.3.8.B.4 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum functions. 1. Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and the corresponding output.1 2. Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions). For example, given a linear function represented by a table of values and a linear function represented by an algebraic expression, determine which function has the greater rate of change. 3. Interpret the equation y = mx + b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of functions that are not linear. For example, the function A = s2 giving the area of a square as a function of its side length is not linear because its graph contains the points (1,1), (2,4) and (3,9), which are not on a straight line. graphing Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum 4. Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities. Determine the rate of change and initial value of the function from a description of a relationship or from two (x, y) values, including reading these from a table or from a graph. Interpret the rate of change and initial value of a linear function in terms of the situation it models, and in terms of its graph or a table of values. 5. Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally. 8.SP. Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data. 1. Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities. Describe patterns such as clustering, outliers, positive or negative association, linear association, and nonlinear association. Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum 2. Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line, and informally assess the model fit by judging the closeness of the data points to the line. 3. Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept. For example, in a linear model for a biology experiment, interpret a slope of 1.5 cm/hr as meaning that an additional hour of sunlight each day is associated with an additional 1.5 cm in mature plant height. 4. Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in a two-way table. Construct and interpret a two-way table summarizing data on two categorical variables collected from the same subjects. Use relative frequencies calculated for rows or columns to describe possible Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum association between the two variables. For example, collect data from students in your class on whether or not they have a curfew on school nights and whether or not they have assigned chores at home. Is there evidence that those who have a curfew also tend to have chores? February – March 8.G.1.a 8.G.1.b 8.G.1.c 8.G.2 8.G.3 8.G.4 8.G.5 Unit Title: Geometry – Spatial thinking 8.G.1 1. Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations: a. Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length. b. Angles are taken to angles of the same measure. c. Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines. 8.G.2. Understand that a twodimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them. Identify vertical angles Identify complementary angles Identify supplementary angles Identify corresponding angles Identify missing measures on a plane that had at least two parallel lines and one transversal To identify corresponding parts of congruent triangles To determine whether triangles are congruent To graph translations To describe Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal Graphing calculator activities “Angle” challenge Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum 8.G.3. Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates. 8.G.4. Understand that a twodimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them. March 8.G.9 7.G.4 7.G.6 8.G.5. Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and the angle-angle criterion for similarity of triangles. For example, arrange three copies of the same triangle so that the sum of the three angles appears to form a line, and give an argument in terms of transversals why this is so. Unit Title: Area and Volume 8.G.9 Know the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres and use them to solve real- translations To identify a line of symmetry To graph a reflection of a geometric figure To graph rotations To identify rotational symmetry To describe the effect of dilations on twodimensional figures using coordinates Find the area and perimeter of geometric figures made by combining triangles, Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum world and mathematical problems. 7.G. Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle measure, area, surface area, and volume. 4. Know the formulas for the area and circumference of a circle and use them to solve problems; give an informal derivation of the relationship between the circumference and area of a circle. 6. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, volume and surface area of two- and three-dimensional objects composed of triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, cubes, and right prisms. April - May 8.EE.2 8.G.6 8.G.7 8.G.8 8.NS.1 8.NS.2 Unit Title: Pythagorean Theorem and Square Roots 8.EE.2 Work with radicals and integer exponents. 2. Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x2 = p and x3 = p, where p is a positive rational parallelograms, trapezoids, and circles or parts of circles Review surface area of prisms, cylinders, cones, spheres Find the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres Use the volume of cones, cylinders and spheres to solve real-world problems To find square roots of numbers To classify real numbers Find square roots Find cube roots Use the Pythagorean Theorem Identify special Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal Volume Challenge Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Science 5.1.8.A.2 Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum number. Evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes. Know that √2 is irrational. 8.NS.1 Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational. Understand informally that every number has a decimal expansion; for rational numbers show that the decimal expansion repeats eventually, and convert a decimal expansion which repeats eventually into a rational number. 8.NS.2. Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions. 8.G.6 Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse. 8.G.7 Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real-world and mathematical problems in two and three dimensions. 8.G.8. Apply the Pythagorean properties of 4545-90 and 30-6090 triangles. Use the distance and midpoint formulas “Tree Angles” Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum MAY - JUNE S-CP.1 S-CP.2 S-CP.3 Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system. Unit Title: Probability S-CP Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data S-CP.1. Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events (“or,” “and,” “not”). S-CP.2. Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and use this characterization to determine if they are independent. S-CP.3. Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B. JUNE A-APR.1 Unit Title: Introduction to To use a tree diagram and the Counting Principle To find theoretical probability by counting outcomes To calculate probabilities of independent events To calculate probabilities of dependent events To use permutations To use combinations To find experimental probability To use simulations To choose a sample for a survey of population To make estimates about populations Daily Lesson Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day Journal Probability activity Scientific Calculator activity Graphing Calculator activity Adding and Daily Lesson Science 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Physical Education 2.5.8.C.1 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts L.8.2.a L.8.2.c SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d Science Eighth Grade Mathematics Curriculum Polynomials A-APR Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials 1. Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials subtracting polynomials Multiplying a polynomial by a polynomial Multiplying binomials Quizzes Checkpoint quizzes Chapter Test Teacher Observation Class discussions Homework Problem of the day 5.1.8.A.2 5.1.8.B.2 5.1.8.C.2 5.1.8.D.1 5.1.12.D.2 Physical Education 2.5.8.C.1 Technology 8.1.4.A.1 8.1.P.C.1 21st Century Life and Career Skills 9.1.8.A.1 9.1.12.A.1 9.1.4.B.1 9.1.8.B.1 Language Arts SL.8.1.d W.8.1.c W.8.2.d