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Agroforestry
–
Implementation, Obstacles and Questions
Content
I.
Agroforestry as a suitable approach for GIZ
–
II.
Obstacles for agroforestry implementation worldwide
Related GIZ projects in Central Asia
–
Obstacles for implementation in Central Asia
III. Resulting research questions
Content
I.
Agroforestry as a suitable approach for GIZ
–
II.
Obstacles for agroforestry implementation worldwide
Related GIZ projects in Central Asia
–
Obstacles for implementation in Central Asia
III. Resulting research questions
Agroforestry as a suitable approach for GIZ
Social
Sustainable
Environmental
viable
Economic
Obstacles for agroforestry implementation
Technical/
Biophysical
Socioeconomic
Political/Legal
• Competition between trees and crops
• Access to quality seeds and germplasm
• Higher productivity?
• Competition with annual crops
• Markets for tree products
• Policy-making processes and planning
• Institutional responsibilities
• Land ownership/ tenure & use situation
Content
I.
Agroforestry as a suitable approach for GIZ
–
II.
Obstacles for agroforestry implementation worldwide
Related GIZ projects in Central Asia
–
Obstacles for implementation in Central Asia
III. Resulting research questions
FLERMONECA
• The overall objective of FLERMONECA is to promote the stability
and security of the countries of Central Asia, to assist them in their
pursuit of sustainable economic development and poverty reduction
and to facilitate closer regional cooperation both within Central Asia
and between Central Asia and the EU.
• FLEG-Component: Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in
Central Asia:
– Promotion of legal and sustainable forest management and
utilization practices strengthens the rule of law, tackles the
growing problem of illegal forest activities and enhances local
livelihoods.
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF KG
(Source: Borchardt et al., 2010)
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF KG
• „Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction trough Community
based Management of Walnut Forests and Pastures“
• Main Problems:
– No adapted (integrated) management model of forest and
pasture resources
– Lack of income possibilities for growing local population\
– Overuse of natural resources
– Degradation of natural resources – forest and pastures
– Lot of local conflicts (natural resource use, social, ethnic)
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF KG
Objective
• Selected communities in the south of Kyrgyzstan apply
forests and pastures management models
• to protect biodiversity,
• to adapt to climate change,
• to secure an income or to increase it.
Components
Conditions of forests
and pastures
in selected areas
is improved
trough sustainable
management
(incl. management
plans)
New forests and mixed
plantations for walnut
and fruits production,
adapted to climate
change,
are settled and
accepted in selected
areas
Innovative methods
to value biodiversity
and to increase
efficiency of resource
use
is applied by local
population in selected
areas
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF TJ
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF TJ
• „Adaptation to climate change through sustainable forest
management”
• Main Problems:
– Overuse and degradation of forests
– Vulnerability towards climate change
– Lack of food and nutrition security
– Lack of implementation of the forestry sector programme and of
participatory land use planning
– Reduction of biodiversity and of important forest functions such
as erosion protection and the regulation of soil water and the
microclimate, further aggravating the negative impacts of climate
change
GIZ in Central Asia – EKF TJ
Objective
• Rehabilitation, preservation and sustainable use of
forests contribute to
• the countries adaptation towards climate change,
• the preservation of biodiversity and
• the improvement of livelihoods within the project areas.
Components
The national forestry agency,
local forest departments and
forest users in the project areas
are qualified and strengthened
to jointly rehabilitate forest
areas.
The rehabilitation of degraded
forests, addressing adaptation
to climate change and for the
sustainable development
Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change in high mountain
regions of Central Asia
Outcome
For the high mountain regions of Central Asia, experience-based, innovative
and cost-effective approaches to ecosystem-based adaptation to climate
change have been systematically anchored in the climate-related policies and
planning of the three target countries.
Outputs
Pilots for
innovative
measures
and EbA
approaches
are
designed
and
implemented
in selected
watersheds.
Recommendations for
the dissemination of
EbA
solutions
and their
financing are
available
and fed into
the policy
dialogue.
Sustainable
mechanisms
for building
local actors’
capacities to
overcome
barriers to
adaptation are
developed ,
tested and
established in
collaboration
with
stakeholders.
Specialists and
executives of
relevant professional institutions
(including nonstate) are able to
conceptualize and
implement EbA
measures and
have contributed
their experiences
to policy dialogues
at the national and
international level.
EbA is anchored in the
national climate
adaptation policies,
strategic requirements
and other legal regulations
relevant to climate
change; the countries will
be supported in fulfilling
their international
obligations and the related
potentials; relevant
international development
partners include the EbA
concept into their
programming in CA.
Obstacles for implementation in Central Asia
Technical/
Biophysical
Socioeconomic
Political/Legal
Competitionbetween
– Walnut
trees!
• Competition
trees
and crops
• Access to quality seeds and germplasm
• Higher productivity?
• Competition with annual crops
• Competition with annual crops
• Markets for tree products
• Markets for tree products
• No incentive to stop illegal grazing!
• Policy-making processes and planning
• Policy-making processes and planning
Lack ofinstitutional
inter-ministerial
interaction!
•• Unclear
responsibilities
Stateownership/
ownership,
unclear
tenure
situations!
•• Land
tenure
& use
situation
• Delayed decision-making by Leskhozes!
Content
I.
Agroforestry as a suitable approach for GIZ
–
II.
Obstacles for agroforestry implementation worldwide
Related GIZ projects in Central Asia
–
Obstacles for implementation in Central Asia
III. Resulting research questions
Resulting research questions
Technical/
Biophysical
Socioeconomic
Political/Legal
•
•
•
•
Interactions of tree/crop combinations; expected yields
Highly productive species vs. biodiversity
Carrying capacities for grazing;
Local climate impacts and climate-sensitivity, diseases
and water efficiency of walnut and fruit trees
• How to make approach economically viable
• Economic returns of current or proposed agroforestry
systems
• The population’s motivation to keep using old species
• Beneficial institutional framework
• Opportunities for integrated pest management and
area certification schemes for pesticide-free areas
Thank you for your attention!