Download Diabetes - Elliott

What is Diabetes?
 A disease in which there are high levels of sugar in the
blood.
 Three types of Diabetes:
 Type 1
 Type 2
 Gestational
 Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans and
over 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes.
What causes Diabetes?
 When your body doesn’t produce enough insulin,
resistance to insulin, or both.
 Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to
control blood sugar.
Symptoms
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Vision changes
Excess thirst
Fatigue
Frequent urination
Hunger
Weight loss
Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
Feeling very tired much of the time
More infections than usual
Very dry skin
Sores that are slow to heal
Type I Diabetes
 Previously called, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
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or juvenile-onset diabetes.
Pancreas cannot produce insulin.
Glucose (sugar) is built up in the bloodstream instead
of going to the cells for energy.
Most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, and
young adults.
Makes up about 5% of diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Type II Diabetes
 Previously called, non-insulin-dependent diabetes
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mellitus or adult-onset diabetes.
When your fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond
correctly to insulin. (Insulin resistance)
Sugar can not enter cells so it builds up in the blood.
Makes up for 90-95% of diagnosed cases of diabetes.
Keeping a healthy diet and active lifestyle can help
prevent type II diabetes.
Gestational Diabetes
 Only pregnant women can get this type of diabetes.
 Pregnancy hormones block insulin from doing its
job.
 Can cause problems in the mother and baby if not
treated.
 Develops in 2-10% of pregnancies.
 Usually disappears when pregnancy is over.
What is Cancer?
 Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
 New cells grow when your body doesn’t need them and
old cells don’t die off when they should.
 Extra cells form a mass called a tumor.
 Tumors:
 Benign- non-cancerous
 Malignant- cancer
 Can develop in almost any organ or tissue.
General Signs and Symptoms
 Unexplained Weight Loss
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Skin Changes
 There are more specific symptoms with different types
of cancers.
Causes of Cancer
 Benzene and other chemicals
 Drinking excess alcohol
 Environmental toxins
 Excessive sunlight exposure
 Genetic problems
 Obesity
 Radiation
 Viruses
 The cause of many cancers are still unknown
Common Cancers
 Men in the United States:
 Prostate
 Lung
 Colon
 Women in the United States:
 Breast
 Colon
 Lung
 Most common cancer-related death is from lung
cancer.
Other Types of Cancers
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Brain cancer
Cervical cancer
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Kidney cancer
Leukemia
Liver cancer
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Ovarian cancer
Skin cancer
Testicular cancer
Thyroid cancer
Uterine cancer
Common Tests
 Biopsy of the tumor
 Blood tests (which look for chemicals such as tumor
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markers)
Bone marrow biopsy (for lymphoma or leukemia)
Chest x-ray
Complete blood count (CBC)
CT scan
MRI scan
Treatments
 Surgery
 Radiation- uses high energy to kill tumor cells
without harming healthy cells.
 Chemotherapy- Uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
 Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries (blood
vessels that supple blood to the heart).
 Atherosclerosis- plaque builds up in the walls of
arteries.
 Leading cause of death in the United States for men
and women.
 In the United States, someone has a heart attack every
34 seconds. Each minute, someone in the United
States dies from a heart disease-related event.
Types of Cardiovascular Disease
 Coronary Artery Disease (most common)
 Plaque buildup in your coronary arteries that leads to blockages.
 Can cause heart attacks.
 Stroke
 Ischemic stroke (most common stroke)- blood vessel that feeds to
the brain gets blocked.
 Hemorrhagic stroke- blood vessel in the brain bursts from
uncontrolled hypertension.
 Heart Failure
 Heart doesn’t pump blood as well as it should be.
 Arrhythmia
 Abnormal rhythm of the heart.
 Heart Valve Disease
 Heart valves don’t open enough to allow blood to flow as well as it
should be.
Treatment
 Heart Valve Problems
 Medications
 Heart Valve Surgery
 Arrhythmia
 Medications
 Pacemaker
 Cardiac Defibrillation
 Heart Attack
 Medications
 Coronary Angioplasty (procedure to open blocked or narrow arteries)
 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (surgery to improve blood flow to the
heart)
 Stroke
 Medications
 Carotid Endarterectomy (surgery to remove fatty deposits blocking the arteries)
Risk Factors
 High cholesterol
 High blood pressure
 Diabetes
 Cigarette smoking
 Overweight and obesity
 Poor diet
 Physical inactivity
 Alcohol use
Prevention
 Control your blood pressure
 Lower your cholesterol
 Don't smoke
 Get enough exercise
 Eat a healthy diet