Download Tue 1/19 - Net Start Class

Tue 1/19
1. What is a mineral?
Minerals are naturally occurring
They are not made by humans
Minerals are inorganic
They have never been alive and are not made up from plants or animals
Minerals are solids
They are not liquids (like water), or gases (like the air around you)
Minerals have a definite chemical composition
Each one is made of a particular mix of chemical elements
Minerals have an ordered atomic arrangement
The chemical elements that make up each mineral are arranged in a particular
way - this is why minerals 'grow' as crystals
Crystal – the atoms that make up the mineral
are arranged in a particular pattern.
After quiz ( if needed turn in Mineral Lab ws from yesterday)
1st Complete mineral MV ws
2nd Add to your booklet ( add 3 pages , 2 terms per page
draw and color pictures)
1. How rocks are classified? P .341 Draw Breccia
2. Color p. 341
3. Texture p. 341
4. Grain p. 341
5. Igneous rock p. 342
6. Intrusive rock p. .342 draw granite
7. Extrusive rock p.342 draw basalt
8. Sedimentary rock p. 343 draw figure 17 C
9. Sediment p. 343 draw sand
10. Erosion p.343 draw it raining
11. Deposition p. 343 A
12. Metamorphic rock p. 345 sandstone to quartzite
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Luster
• Surface reflection
• metallic = shiny like
metal
• non-metallic = dull,
non-shiny surface
Pyrite has a metallic luster
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Hardness
• How easily a mineral scratches
materials
• Mohs Hardness Scale
• Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)
• Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch
different objects (like human fingernail, copper,
penny, glass, steel file)
Wed 1/21
2. What is a “Carat”?
One carat weighs 200 milligrams, or one-fifth
(.2) of a gram. This standard has been in use
worldwide since 1914, when it was proposed by
the International Committee on Weights and
Measures.
Fri 1/22
3. Name the mineral.
Can be scratched by
Topaz but not Feldspar.
Quartz
Mon 1/25
What happens when a mineral breaks?
Tue 1/26
Why is a minerals streak more reliable than color?
Streak is the same , even if different color.
Thur 1/28
How do minerals form?
What is the difference between a rock and a
mineral?
Fri 1/29
What are the fragments called that make up rocks?
Grains
They use the grain size , shape and composition to classify rocks.
The grains are broken pieces of minerals.
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Monday 2/1
How are igneous rocks formed?
Tue 2/2
What type of rock are fossils found in?
Sedimentary
Wed 2/3
What processes change an existing rock into a
metamorphic rock?
Heat
Pressure
Fri 2/5
Give the processes associated with each rock
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary
Rocks
type.
Heat
Igneous Rocks
Melt
Magma or lava
Cool
Harden
Crystallize
Texture
Intrusive
Extrusive
Volcano
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Sediments
Compaction
Cementation
Pressure
change
Hard
Banded
Layered
Mon 2/8
Name the rock ?
Heat and pressure
Weathering erosion deposition
Compaction and cementation
Melting and solidification
Metamorphic
Sedimentary
Igneous
Wed 2/10
Name the rock type.
Rock Cycle Diagram
1. Use the following five processes to label
every arrow on the rock cycle diagram:
compaction and cementation, melting, cooling
and hardening, heat and pressure, weathering
and erosion
• Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rock,
almost all of which were originally deposited
as sediments by moving water. Subsequent
processes hardened them into sedimentary
rock, as overlying pressure squeezed the
water out and the grains were cemented
together. Often plants and animals were
trapped, being buried in the sediments. As the
sediments hardened into sedimentary rock,
the dead things hardened into fossils
Question # 1
Which of the following types of rock is produced
by magma that cools deep below the earth's
crust?
A. extrusive igneous
B. intrusive igneous
C. foliated metamorphic
D. chemical sedimentary
Question # 2
The size and arrangement of crystal grains in
igneous rocks is called
A. density
B. texture
C. hardness
D. luster
Question #3
Lava that cools on the earth's surface forms
what type of rock?
A. clastic
B. intrusive
C. stratified
D. extrusive
Question #4
The texture of igneous rock is determined by the
rate at which magma _______.
A. flows from a volcano
B. cools
C. melts
D. compresses
Question #5
The term "igneous " means
A. fire-formed
B. to change
C. to become layered
D. dark colored
6. Magma is:
A) melted rock
B) the source of all igneous rocks
C) the reason volcanoes form
D) all of these
7.Remains or traces of ancient plants and
animals that are preserved in rock are called
A. elements
B. concretions
C. fossils
D. geodes
8.
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
a provide materials to make other rocks
b form other rocks
.
c. be changed by forces at Earth's surface
d all of the above
.
9.
What rate did the crystals cool when this igneous rock
formed?
A. Fast
B. Slow
10. What rate did the crystals cool when this
igneous rock formed?
A. Fast
B. Slow
11. How many major rock types are in the rock
cycle?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
12. Two rocks have the same minerals, but of
very different sizes. Which statement is true?
A. One rock has more eroded fragments than
the other.
B. The minerals cooled at different rates from a
magma.
C. The rocks have different compositions.
D. One rock is igneous and one rock is
metamorphic.
13. Metamorphism can best be defined as
A. compaction and cementation of rock
fragments
B. precipitation of minerals dissolved in water
C. solidification of magma by cooling
D. changing of a rock by heat and pressure
14. The meaning of the word "metamorphic" is
A. fire-formed
B. to change
C. sedimentation
D. permanent
15. What type of rock is formed by volcanic
activity?
A. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic
C. Igneous
D. Lava
16. What type of rock is formed by weathering ,
erosion, compaction, and cementation?
a. Igneous
b. Metamorphic
c. Sedimentary
d. Salt
17. In order for metamorphic rock to become
an igneous rock, what must happen?
a. Compaction and cementation
b. Heat and pressure
c. Melt and cool
d. Weathering and erosion
18. Volcanoes ooze a liquid rock material called
________________?
a. Magma
b. Lava
c. Water
d. Granite
19. All rocks are made of one or more
____________________?
a. Sediments
b. Minerals
c. Fossils
d. magma
20. Rock that is made of other rock fragments
and fossils are called?
a. Sedimentary
b. Igneous
c. Granite
d. Metamorphic
Fri 1/22
3. Name the mineral.
Can be scratched by
Topaz but not Feldspar.
Quartz
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Color
• Can be misleading
• Can vary with the type of impurities
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Streak
• The color of the powdered
form of the mineral
• The color of the streak can be
different than the mineral
• Minerals must be softer than
the streak plate
Physical Properties of Minerals
(can be used to identify the mineral)
Luster
• Surface reflection
• metallic = shiny like
metal
• non-metallic = dull,
non-shiny surface
Pyrite has a metallic luster
Calcite has a non-metallic luster
Mon 1/25
What happens when minerals break?
How do minerals form?
• 1) Cooling of magma (hot, liquid rock and
minerals inside the earth (from the
mantle))
– Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineralogist)
– Medium Cooling = small crystals
– Slow Cooling = large crystals
• 2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually
How
do
minerals
form?
water)