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Transcript
CIS 260: App Dev I IT and Computer Systems Important changes in information technology (IT) – Newspapers WWW – Snail mail email – Typewriter _____________ – Brick & mortar e-commerce Two major components of a computer system: – Hardware: run by software – Software: created/used by people 2 History of Computers See http://sunsethigh.dade.k12.fl.us/sunset/history/index.htm for a good history. A brief history: – 1950s: emergence of mainframes – 1960s: widespread use of mainframes – 1970s: widespread use of minicomputers – 1980s: ____ become popular – 1990s: notebooks, Internet become popular – 2000s: E-commerce, wireless become 3 popular Tasks Performed by Computers Input – Human (e.g., keypunch, mouse) – Automated (e.g., barcode, RFID) Output – Human readable – Non-human readable Storage – Primary – Secondary Operations – Arithmetic – ____________ 4 Hardware CPU – Control unit, arithmetic logic unit, instruction register, program counter Main memory – – – – Memory cells with addresses RAM, ROM Holds programs and data Volatile __________ storage – Hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM, flash drive I/O – Input: keyboard, mouse, screen, scanner – Output: printer, monitor, speaker 5 Software System programs – Operating system • Windows Explorer • Control Panel Application programs – – – – Word processor Spreadsheet Internet browser ERP (__________ resource planning) – Games 6 Computer Languages Signals – Analog: changes are continuous (audio tape) – _______: changes are discrete, on/off (music CD) Computer codes – Binary digit (bit): a 0 or 1 (off/on), base 2 – Byte: 8 _____ (00000001, 00000010, …) – ASCII code: 128 characters (27), nearly a byte – EBCDIC: 256 characters (28), one byte – Unicode: 65,536 characters (216), two bytes 7 Programming Languages Machine languages – instructions in codes with 0s and 1s – Depends on type of CPU – Codes used for memory locations, operations Assembly languages – ___________ used for instructions – 100100 means LOAD, 100101 means ADD – Assembler translates AL to ML High-level languages (C, C++, Java) – Compiler converts Java to bytecode – ________ (JVM) converts bytecode to ML 8 Processing a Java Program Programmer creates ______ code in an editor – Type the Java code as a text file – Save the text file as <ClassName>.java Compile the source code into __________ – Source code MUST follow Java syntax – Compiler creates the bytecode in <ClassName>.class Link the bytecode to other programs – The Java library contains additional programs – A linker links your bytecode to create executable code Run the executable program – Loader loads executable into main memory – __________ translates executable code into ML 9 Programming Process Java Integrated Development Environments (IDE’s) – – – – Forte JBuilder NetBeans BlueJ Programming Aids – Flowcharts: graphic – ____________: textual, non-executable 10 Programming Methodologies Structured programming – Divide a problem into procedures – Use basic programming structures • Sequence: do A, do B, do C, … • Selection: if…then • Loop: automated repetition ________-oriented programming (OOP) – Represent a problem as interacting objects – Determine the objects’ attributes – Determine the objects’ behaviors 11 Introduction to Java Java was created in 1996 by _______. JDK is the Java _________, where “JDK” stands for __________ Development Kit. Java syntax is similar to that of _______. Java was designed to run on any computer _________ (i.e., combination of operating system and microprocessor). Java applications run slightly _______ than most others. Java handles internal memory overhead 12 ______________. Applications, Applets, & Servlets Java can be used to create ____________ that often have a GUI (_________ user interface). Java can be used to create web-based applications called __________. A Java server-side application is called a __________. You can copy the applications from the text CD by running the 13 OO_Java_Source_Code.zip file. How Java Compiles & Interprets You can use a text ________ to create Java ________ code (.java file extension). The Java __________ converts the source code into Java _________. A platform that has a Java __________ (a.k.a. a Java _______ machine or JVM) can translate the bytecodes into the processor’s (machine) language. A web browser with a Java interpreter can download and run Java ________. 14 Installing the JDK Using the CD that comes with the text, – Simply navigate to the Java folder (in the Software folder), double-click the .exe file. – Follow the prompts. Using the www.java.sun.com web site, – Select the download link for Java SE (Standard Edition). – Download (can take a long time and can contain errors). – Run the .exe file and follow the prompts. 15 Directories & Files of the SDK In the c:\jdk1.6.x directory, – bin contains the Java _________ and other necessary tools for developing and testing – demo contains sample applications and ________ – include contains header files for using ____ code in Java applications – jre contains the Java __________ or Java Runtime Environment – lib contains libraries and support files – doc contains _____________ 16 To Configure Windows Select Start, Settings, Control Panel. Select System, Advanced tab, and Environment Variables button). Select Path under System variables, Edit… At the end of the current path, enter a “;” and add c:\jk1.6.x\bin\ (replace x with the current #) If the system has a classpath variable, add “;.;” at the end. 17 Creating a Java Program Run Notepad (Start, Programs, Accessories, Notepad). Enter Java code (exactly), such as public class MyFirstJavaProgram { public static void main( String[ ] args ) { System.out.println(“Hello world!”); } } Remember!!! Java is ______-sensitive. Save the file as “MyFirstJavaProgram.java”, say, in a folder called “first” on the a:\ drive (use the quotes on the file name). 18 Compiling and Running Run the Command Prompt (Start, Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt). To ________, at the C:\> prompt, enter the following: a: javac \first\MyFirstJavaProgram.java To _____, at the A:\> prompt, enter the following: cd\first java MyFirstJavaProgram 19 Errors You may get compile-time errors or runtime errors. The JDK will provide the line _______ of the error, a description, and the actual code that is in error. You will need to go back to _________ to correct the errors, recompile, and rerun. 20 Creating a Java File w/ TextPad TextPad is a text _______ designed for Java. To install TextPad go to http://www.textpad.com/download/index.html#downloads and select English, FTP (USA) To run TextPad… – click Start, Programs, TextPad To create a Java program… – – – – enter Java code select File, Save As… enter the file name (matches the class name) select Java as file type, OK. 21 To Compile and Run w/ TextPad To compile… – Select Tools, Compile Java (or Ctrl+1) To run… – Select Tools, Run Java Application (or Ctrl+2) To view line numbers of code… – Select Configure, Preferences, View What’s wrong with using a complex IDE (___________ Development Environment) in an introductory course? – Interferes with learning how to write pure Java code – Wastes precious time learning the IDE 22