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Questions Q1. Lithium, sodium and potassium are metals in group 1 of the periodic table. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. The freshly-cut metals are shiny. (a) (i) Give another physical property of all three of these metals. (1) (ii) Explain, in terms of electrons in their atoms, why lithium, sodium and potassium are in group 1 of the periodic table. (2) (b) A small piece of potassium is added to water. (i) Describe what you would seein this reaction. (2) (ii) Which of these is the balanced equation for this reaction? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A 2K + 2H2O K2O + 2H2 B 2K + H2O K2O + H2 C 4K + 3H2O 4KOH + H2 D 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (c) There is an increase in reactivity of these group 1 metals from lithium to potassium. Explain this increase in reactivity. (2) (Total for Question is 8 marks) Q2. Elements Mendeleev produced the first periodic table. In a version of his periodic table, he put these elements in group 1. hydrogen lithium sodium potassium copper rubidium silver caesium gold (a) Some of the elements in this list are also in group 1 of the modern periodic table. Which element is in the list above and also in group 1 of the modern periodic table? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A gold B silver C copper D sodium (b) The element francium is now included in group 1 of the modern periodic table but did not appear anywhere in Mendeleev’s periodic table. Suggest why francium was not in Mendeleev’s periodic table. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (c) Explain why hydrogen is not included in group 1 in most versions of the modern periodic table. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... (d) The atomic number and electronic configurations of three elements are shown in the table below. element lithium sodium potassium atomic number 3 11 19 electronic configuration 2.1 2.8.1 2.8.8.1 Describe how the electronic configuration of sodium shows the group and period of sodium in the periodic table. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... *(e) An atom of beryllium has an atomic number of 4 and a mass number of 9. Describe the numbers and arrangements of the protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... Q3. * An atom of beryllium has an atomic number of 4 and a mass number of 9. Describe the numbers and arrangements of the protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................... Q4. (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The particles in atoms are electrons, neutrons and protons. The mass of an electron is (1) A greater than the mass of a neutron B the same as the mass of a proton C smaller than the mass of a proton D the same as the mass of a neutron (b) The atomic number of oxygen is 8. The mass number of an atom of oxygen is 17. Describe the number and type of particles in the nucleus of this atom. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (c) Sulfur and oxygen are both in group 6 of the periodic table. Explain, in terms of their electronic configurations, why they are both in group 6. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (d) An atom of phosphorus contains 15 electrons. Describe how these 15 electrons are arranged in a phosphorus atom. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (e) Phosphorus oxide is a compound that contains covalent bonds. (i) Describe what is meant by a covalent bond. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (ii) The formula of a molecule of phosphorus oxide is P4O10 Give the empirical formula of this oxide. (1) ............................................................................................................................................. (Total for Question = 10 marks) Q5. An atom of copper has an atomic number of 29 and a mass number of 63. (i) Complete the table to show the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of copper. (2) (ii) Copper is in period 4 of the periodic table. State what information this gives about the number of shells that contain electrons, in a copper atom. (1) ............................................................................................................................................. (iii) Copper exists as isotopes. Explain what is meant by the term isotopes. (2) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (iv) A sample of copper contains 70% of copper-63 atoms and 30% of copper-65 atoms. Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of copper in this sample. (3) ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. relative atomic mass of copper = ........................................................... Q6. (a) The table shows the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in particles P, Q, R, S, T and V. (i) Which particle is a negatively charged ion? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A P B S C T D V (ii) Which particles are atoms of metals? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A P and R B Q and R C Q and S D Q, S and V (b) Each element has an atomic number. (i) State what is meant by atomic number. (1) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (ii) The atomic number of boron is 5. Boron exists as two isotopes boron-10 and boron-11. Use this information to explain why boron-10 and boron-11 are isotopes. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (c) (i) Explain what is meant by the term relative atomic mass. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (ii) A sample of boron contains 19.7% of boron-10. 80.3% of boron-11. Use this information to calculate the relative atomic mass of boron. (3) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (Total for Question = 10 marks) Q7. (a) The diagram shows an atom of lithium. (i) A proton has been labelled. Complete the diagram by labelling the other two particles shown. (2) (ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( The atomic number of lithium is ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A 3 B 6 C 7 D 10 (b) (i) Which row of the table shows the charge on a proton and the charge on an electron? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) proton electro n positive positive A negative negative B negative positive C positive negative D (ii) Use a number from the box to complete the sentence. (1) The relative mass of a proton is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) The electronic configuration of lithium is 2.1. The electronic configuration of sodium is 2.8.1. (i) Explain, in terms of their electronic configurations, why lithium and sodium are both in group 1 of the periodic table. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (ii) Explain, in terms of their electronic configurations, why lithium is placed in period 2 and sodium is placed in period 3 of the periodic table. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (Total for Question is 9 marks) Q8. Most atoms contain electrons, protons and neutrons. (a) Describe the positions of these particles in atoms. (3) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (b) A chlorine atom contains 17 electrons. What is the electronic configuration of a chlorine atom? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. (1) A 10.7 B 8.8.1 C 17 D 2.8.7 (c) Chlorine and bromine are in the same group in the periodic table. (i) Explain, in terms of electrons, why these elements are placed in the same group. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (ii) Describe the appearance of bromine at room temperature and pressure. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (d) An experiment was carried out to see how large a nucleus is compared to the overall size of an atom. In the experiment a very large number of positively charged particles are fired at a thin sheet of gold. When one of these positively charged particles comes close to the nucleus of a gold atom it is repelled. Explain why only about 1 in every 20 000 positively charged particles are repelled. (2) ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... ............................................................................. ...................... (Total for Question is 10 marks) Mark Scheme Q1. (a)(i) Answer soft / low melting point / low boiling point Acceptable answers Mark (1) easilycut with a knife = soft low density malleable solid at room temp. ignore float on water reject chemical properties (a)(ii) An explanation linking (all have) one electron in outer shell (2) (2) one outer electron = 2 marks group number shows number of electrons in outer shell = 2 marks same number of electrons in outer shell = 1 mark incorrect number of electrons in the outer shell = 1 mark accept outer orbit / highest energy level in place of outer shell (b)(i) A description including any two of effervescence / fizzing / bubbles (1) potassium floats (1) moves (on surface) (1) potassium forms ball / melts (1) potassium decreases in size / disappears / dissolves (1) (lilac) flame / catches fire (1) spits / explodes / sparks (1) (b)(ii) D : 2K + 2 H2O → 2KOH + H 2 (c) An explanation linking any two of (2) ignore ignites ignore smoke (1) (2) increasing {size /radius (of atom) / easier to remove (outer) electron number of shells} (1) increased shielding (of outer electron) (1) less attraction for (outer) electron (1) Q2. Question Number (a) Answer Question Number (b) Answer Acceptable answers Mark had not been discovered did not know about it (1) Answer Acceptable answers Mark Question Number (c) Acceptable answers D An explanation linking the following points EITHER • different properties (to other group 1 elements)(1) Mark (1) (2) • elements in a group have similar (chemical) properties(1) OR • hydrogen is a non-metal / not a metal (1) • all the other elements are metals (1) Question Number (d) Answer Acceptable answers A description including the following points Mark (2) • one electron in outer shell so in group 1(1) • (electrons in) three shells so in period 3 (1) Question Number QWC *(e) Indicative content Mark A description including some of the following points (6) • four protons • five neutrons • four electrons • protons in nucleus • neutrons in nucleus • electrons in shells • two electrons in first shell • two electrons in second/outer shell last two points could be expressed as electronic configuration is 2.2 allow correct diagram Level 1 0 1-2 no rewardable material • correct number or position of one type of particle / correct numbers or positions or two particles • the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy 2 3-4 • correct number and position of one type of particle and two other correct numbers and /or positions of other particle(s) • the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately 3 5-6 • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy • correct number and position of all three particles / one error in former and correct electronic configuration • the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors Q3. Question Number QWC * Indicative content Mark A description including some of the following points (6) • four protons • five neutrons • four electrons • protons in nucleus • neutrons in nucleus • electrons in shells • two electrons in first shell • two electrons in second/outer shell last two points could be expressed as electronic configuration is 2.2 Level 1 0 1-2 allow correct diagram no rewardable material • correct number or position of one type of particle / correct numbers or positions or two particles • the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy 2 3-4 • correct number and position of one type of particle and two other correct numbers and /or positions of other particle(s) • the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately 3 5-6 • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy • correct number and position of all three particles / one error in former and correct electronic configuration • the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately • spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors Q4. (a) Answer C smaller than the mass of a proton Acceptable answers Mark (1) (b) An description linking 8 protons (1) (and) {17-8/9} neutrons (1) (c) Explanation linking (2) ignore references to electrons in shells / charges on particles if electrons in nucleus max 1 protons and neutrons with incorrect numbers (1) correct electronic configurations or (2) diagrams alone max 1 (both have) same number (of electrons) in outer shell(1) 'they both have 6 in the outer shell' 6 (electrons in outer shell) scores both marks allow 'both need 2 (consequent on first point) (1) (more) (electrons) to fill outer shell' for both marks (d) A description to include suitable diagram in place of (2) 2.8(1).5(1) 2.8 (in 1st and 2nd shell)(1) 5 (in outer shell)(1) electrons in {shells / orbits / rings}(1) (e)(i) A description to include can be shown in a diagram of a (2) covalent bond electron(s) shared (1) {pair(s) of / two} (electrons) any mention of ions scores zero (1) (e)(ii) P2O5 Reject P2O5 / P2O5 (1) Q5. Q6. Answer (a)(i) C T (a)(ii) C Q and S (b)(i) number of protons (in nucleus of atom) Acceptable answers ignore number of electrons eg number of protons and electrons worth (1) Mark (1) (1) (1) (b)(ii) An explanation including (atoms of) both contain 5 ignore electrons /same number of protons/same atomic number (1) boron-11 atoms contain 1 more boron-10 atoms contain 5 neutron / boron-10 atoms contain 1 neutrons but boron-11 atoms less neutron contain 6 neutrons / different numbers of neutrons/ different mass number (1) (c)(i) An explanation including the following (2) (2) M1 {average/mean} mass (of For M1 atoms of an element) (1) reject weight reject if mass of molecule reject if mass of neutrons and protons M2 compared to {1/12 mass carbon-12 (atom)/ (mass of) carbon-12 (atom) taken as 12} (1) any reference to carbon-12 scores mark (c)(ii) [19.7 × 10] (1) +[80.3 × 11] (1) /100 If no working shown 10.8(03) worth 3 (3) (1) (=10.8) marks [0.197 ×10] (1) + [0.803 ×11] (1) = [1.97 + 8.83] (1) (=10.8) Q7. (a)(i) Answer neutron (1) electron (1) Acceptable answers neutrons electrons Mark (2) (a)(ii) A 3 (1) (1) (b)(i) D proton positive, electron negative (b)(ii) 1 (c)(i) An explanation linking (both have) one electron (1) in the outer {shell/orbit/energy level} (1) do not award first mark if proton/neutron/atom (in outer shell) (c)(ii) An explanation linking lithium has 2 {shells/orbits/energy levels} (1) sodium has 3 {shells/orbits/energy levels} (1) max 1 mark if {outer/full} shells max 1 mark if rings/circles/layers both have one outer electron (2) (1) (2) both need to lose 1 electron to have a full outer shell (2) fully correct diagrams of lithium and sodium showing electronic configurations (1) have the same number of electrons in the outer shell (1) If no marks awarded from 'answer' (2) column, allow any onefrom sodium is more reactive than lithium ORA (1) sodium has more electrons than lithium ORA (1) sodium has more shells than lithium ORA (1) ignore reactivity increases down the group Q8. (a) Answer A description to include Acceptable answers all marks can be scored from labelleddiagram neutrons in nucleus (1) protons in nucleus (1) electrons in shells / orbits (1) description of position of particles without use of "nucleus" or "shell /orbit" BUT if description or labels on diagram do not mention "nucleus" or"shell /orbit" Mark (3) at least once then max 2 marks ignore charges / masses / numbers of particles (b) (c)(i) D 2.8.7 an explanation linking (1) outer {shell / orbit} (electrons) (1) (2) 7 / same number (of electrons) (1) one / same number of electrons short (of next noble gas) (c)(ii) a description to include red-brown / brown-red (2) (dark) red (1) (d) liquid (1) An explanation linking any two of nucleus very small (by comparison with atom) / atom very large compared to nucleus / most of atom consists of empty space (1) most particles {miss nucleus / go straight through (atom)} / only a few particles (1 in 20 000) {pass close to / hit} nucleus (1) (gold) nuclei positive / both (nucleus and particles) {positively charged / have same charge} (1) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) ignore any references to vapour (2)