Download Globalization and the Environment

Globalization - - Foldable
Health
Environment
Increased Trade = Spread of Disease
Climate Change –
World Health Organization
(WHO) –
Fresh Water Challenge –
UNICEF –
World Food Programme –
Deforestation –
Land Scarcity –
Globalization and the Environment
Globalization is an umbrella term for a complex series of
economic, social, technological, cultural, and political changes seen
as increasing interdependence, integration and interaction and
interaction among people and companies in disparate locations.
• Positive-As an engine of commerce; brings an increased standard
of living to developing countries and further wealth to First World
and Third World countries.
• Negative-As an engine of “corporate imperialism"; tramples over
the human rights of developing societies, claims to bring prosperity,
yet often simply amounts to plundering. Negative effects include
environmental destruction.
Global Environmental Issues
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Climate Change
Fresh Water Challenge
Deforestation
Land Conservation
Climate Change
• The change in global climate patterns
during the 20th century is attributed to to
the increased levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide produced by the use of
fossil fuels.
Causes
• Climate change is caused by factors such
as biotic processes, variations in solar
radiation received by Earth, plate
tectonics, volcanic eruptions, and human
influences.
Consequences
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Higher Temperatures
Changing Landscapes
Wildlife at Risk
Rising Seas (salt
water)
Risk of Drought, fire
and floods
Stronger Storms &
storm damage
Heat-related illness &
Disease
Economic Losses
What is being done?
• Kyoto Protocol - a treaty that would require
countries across the world to tackle the
causes of climate change.
– it called for a total reduction in carbon dioxide
emissions, which contribute to the
greenhouse effect, by 5% below 1990 levels.
• Cutting Emissions
– EU member states committed to a 8%
reduction in emissions and reported a 11%
reduction from 1990 to 2010.
Fresh Water Challenge
• Pressures on the resources of the planet are
putting our access to fresh water at risk. Many
people are already feeling this strain, and so
too is nature – as rivers, lakes and other
freshwater ecosystems face collapse across
the planet.
Consequences
• Lack of access to water for drinking, hygiene, and food
security inflicts enormous hardship on more than one
billion people
• Health related issues such as spread of disease
• Reduced food production
What is being done?
• Better public and community control of
water utilities;
• Repairing old water systems,
• Using less water for agriculture by using
drip irrigation
• Stopping pollution of the water we do have
• Increasing water conservation and
focusing resources on watershed
management.
Deforestation
• Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on
a massive scale, often resulting in damage
to the quality of the land. Forests still cover
about 30 percent of the world’s land area,
but areas the size of Panama are lost
each and every year.
Causes:
Agriculture – clearing land for
crops
Logging operations – wood &
paper products
Consequences
• Loss of habitat for millions of species.
• Leading cause of climate change:
– Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its canopy,
which blocks the sun’s rays during the day and holds in heat at
night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperatures
swings that can be harmful to plants and animals.
What is being done?
• Greenpeace investigates, exposes and confronts
environmental abuse by corporations around the
world, and takes action with its supporters.
• Wilderness Act, Lacey Act and the Roadless Rule
protect U.S. forests and stop illegal wood products
from entering the U.S. marketplace.
• Treaties like the Convention of International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES) to help protect forests
and the endangered plant and animal species that rely
on forests for habitats.
Land Scarcity
• The growing world population is putting strains on the
livable land space on Earth. Less land is available for
humans, animals, and plants. The causes of land
scarcity is a growing population and over-use of
available land.
Causes
• Increasing population: by the year 2050, it
is estimated that the population of the
Earth will be over 9 billion people.
Consequences
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Desertification
Deforestation
Loss of Ecosystems
Animal and Plant Extinction
What is being done?
• Education and empowerment: Many believe overpopulation
is a result of ignorance and inaccessibility. So to curb it, many
suggest that programs aimed at spreading awareness will
help minimize population stresses.
• Environmental protection and research for alternative
resources: A population can only grow as much as its
resources, so various initiatives are aimed at preserving the
environment (which is being damaged by this overpopulation
issue) and looking into alternative sustainable resources.
• Accessibility to reproductive health care: There are
countless organizations dedicated to helping women and
youth have access to reproductive health care.
Global Health Issues
Increased Trade = Spread of Disease
As far back as the Middle Ages, disease spread
throughout the world because of international
trade (small pox, bubonic plagues).
Today, there is an increase in the spread of
disease because of increased trade among
nations.
Global Health places a priority on improving
health, achieving equity in health for all people
worldwide, and the protection against global
health threats.
Emerging/re-emerging infectious
diseases 1996 to 2003
Legionnaire’s Disease
Multidrug resistant
Salmonella
Cryptosporidiosis
E.coli O157
SARS
BSE
E.coli non-O157
Typhoid
Malaria
E.coli O157
nvCJD
Lyme Borreliosis
Venezuelan
Equine Encephalitis
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever
West Nile Virus
Reston virus
Lassa fever
Yellow fever
Diphtheria
West Nile
SARS
Influenza (H5N1)
Fever
Echinococcosis
W135
Nipah Virus
Buruli ulcer
Ebola
haemorrhagic
fever
Cholera
Cholera 0139
RVF/VHF
O’nyongnyong fever
Reston Virus
Dengue
haemhorrhagic
fever
Human
Monkeypox
Cholera
Equine
morbillivirus
Ross River
virus
Hendra virus
Global
GlobalPublic
PublicHealth
Health
Problems
Problems
SARS/other infectious
diseases
Hazardous and
Nuclear Waste
Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Climate
Change
Bioweapons
Land Mines
International Organizations
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• UNICEF
• World Food Programme (WFP)
World Health Organization (WHO)
• Maintain an effective international system that is
able to assess the global public health risks and
is prepared to respond rapidly to unexpected,
internationally-spreading events and to contain
specific public health threats.
• International Regulations on hazardous waste
trade are required to protect populations from
disease posed by trading across international
borders.
* WHO 2003
UNICEF
• The United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF) is a United Nations Program
headquartered in New York City that
provides long-term humanitarian and
developmental assistance to children and
mothers in developing countries.
World Food Programme
• Is the food assistance branch of the United
Nations and the world's largest
humanitarian organization addressing
hunger and promoting food security.