Download Review 3

Bio101
STUDY SHEET
Kurt Toenjes
1.
Who was Mendel?
2.
What organism did he work with?
3.
What were Mendel’s two laws?
4.
If you cross a plant with yellow peas (Yy) and one with green peas (yy), what are the
possibilities for the progeny? How about if you cross the progeny to each other?
5.
If you carry out a test cross a plant with yellow peas and round seeds (YyRr), what are the
progeny and their frequency?
6.
What is a recessive trait?
7.
What is a dominant trait?
8.
What are alleles?
9.
What are loci?
10.
For the human diseases Drawfism, Huntingtons, and Cystic fibrosis, answer the following
questions. What is it? What is the possibility of a parent with the disease and a “normal” parent
having children with the disease? If they have four children, how many will be have it?
11.
Draw a pedigree for a family that suffers from an X-linked disease? Show great grandparents,
grandparents, parents, and children?
12.
How many copies chromosome 21 does a child with Down’s syndrome have? Does the chance
of having a child with Down’s syndrome go up with age?
13.
Describe Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Now contrast them.
14.
Explain the structure of DNA.
15.
How did we determine that DNA is the genetic material not protein.
16.
Explain and diagram the central dogma of
17.
Molecular biology
18.
DNA structure was solved by …..?
19.
Explain the structure of DNA.
20.
Explain and diagram the central dogma of Molecular biology
21.
What is a codon?
22.
Explain silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations.
23.
What happens to one of the X chromosomes in female mammals? How does this affect
coloration in cats?
24.
What is gene regulation?
25.
What does gene regulation have to do with cell FATE?
26.
How does Cell FATE relate to cancer?
27.
What are stem cells? Describe the different types. Which are more limited and why? What are
their potential uses?
28.
How is our understanding of nonsense leading modern therapies for genetic diseases? Which
two diseases have ongoing clinical trails utilizing these new therapies. What is the therapy?
29.
What are the current methods of DNA fingerprinting?
Bio101
STUDY SHEET
Kurt Toenjes
30.
Can you interpret a DNA fingerprinting Data from a crime scene.
31.
Who was Charles Darwin and what was his contribution to our current understanding of
Evolution?
32.
How did Charles Darwin’s marriage influence the development of his theories?
33.
Did Charles Darwin carry out experiments to justify his observations?
34.
List several of the types of data or observations that Charles Darwin made on his voyage that
led to the development of his theories.
35.
What are homologies
36.
There were three key statements that formed the basis for his theories. What were they?
37.
Define natural selection.
38.
List way that the fossil record supports evolution.
39.
How do the following provide evidence to support evolution:
a. Biogeography?
b. Comparative anatomy
c. Homologous structures
d. Comparative embryology
e. Molecular Biology
40.
What are the units of evolution and how does natural selection work on them
41.
What is Genetic drift and the bottleneck effect?
42.
Define Gene flow.
43.
Why is low genetic diversity a danger to endangered species?
44.
Define the following types of natural selection:
a. Stabilizing selection
b. Directional selection
c. Disruptive selection
d. Sexual selection
45.
Can you diagram a, b and c?
46.
Why can’t natural selection fashion perfect organisms
47.
What is a species according to:
48.
Biological species concept
49.
Morphological species concept
50.
Ecological species concept
51.
Can you think of a limitation to each of the way to define a species listed above?
52.
How do reproductive barriers affect the evolution of species?
53.
List the different reproductive barriers discussed in class.
54.
What is adaptive radiation and how might a mass extinction encourage it?
55.
What is the evidence that birds evolved from dinosaurs?
56.
How do we mark geologic time?
Bio101
STUDY SHEET
57.
58.
Kurt Toenjes
What was continental drift and how did it affect evolution? Do we have experimental data to
support the formation of organic compounds in a very primitive earth
an ecosystem?