Download Hohmann - Rome Timeline 3

TIMELINE 3
The FROMM INSTITUTE
FROM ROMULUS to RUIN:
A BRIEF HISTORY of the ROMAN REPUBLIC and the ROMAN EMPIRE
Dr. Nikolaus Hohmann
Part 3: The FALL of the ROMAN REPUBLIC
MAP : The Roman Imperium by 44 BC
The ROMAN REPUBLIC
SPQR -Senatus Populusque Romanorum
= the Senate and the Roman People
PATRICIANS -wealthy landowning aristocrats (organized in clans),
they dominated the affairs of state, the military leadership, and law
-the SENATE >
-the assembly of the Patricians,
that is, the organized, institutional power of the Patricians
-the council’s “advice” became law
-the patronage system > PATRON and CLIENT (clientela)
PLEBEIANS
-the common people (included many wealthy families)
-concilium plebis (the Plebeian Assembly)
High magistrates of the Republic :
-CONSUL
-usually 2 consuls at one time, each elected for a 1-year term
-commanded the army,
-conducted state business,
-supervised the state’s financial affairs
-Quaestor
-in charge of the public treasury; prosecuted criminals in public courts
-Praetor
-usually 4 at one time; administered offices when consuls were away
-supervised justice
-Censor
-in charge of public morals, registration of citizens, public contracts
-TRIBUNE
-elected to protect the Plebeians (the people) from the Senate
____________________________________________________________________________
The PUNIC WARS
1st Punic War
(Rome vs Carthage)
(264 — 241 BC)
2nd Punic War (218 – 202 BC)
-Hannibal (c. 247 – 183 BC), leader of the Carthaginian (Punic) invasion of Italy
-MARCUS CATO (234 – 149 BC) vs SCIPIO CORNELIUS (234 – 183 BC)
-Battle at Zama (202 BC)
3rd Punic War (149 – 146 BC)
-Marcus Cato: “Carthage must be destroyed !”
-Scipio Aemilianus (189 – 129 BC) = Scipio Africanus Minor
ROME : The LATE REPUBLIC and its COLLAPSE (145 - 31 BC)
“A city for sale and soon to perish, if it finds a buyer.”
[ Sallust (c. 86 – 35 BC) ]
The acquisition of the Kingdom of Pergamon (133 BC)
The GRACCHUS brothers
-TIBERIUS (c. 169 — 133 BC)
-GAIUS
( 154 — 121 BC)
The “Social War” (90 – 89 BC)
-the Roman Senate grants citizenship to all free men living in ‘Italy’
-‘Italy’ is now the territory of Rome, its northern border on the Rubicon River
The Civil War: Marius vs. Sulla (Sylla)
-MARIUS (157 — 86 BC)
-Lucius Cornelius SULLA (c. 138 — 78 BC)
Gaius JULIUS CAESAR (c. 102 – 44 BC)
-Cornelia (m. 84 - 69 BC)
-Pompeia (m. 68 - 63 BC)
-Calpurnia (m. 59 - 44 BC)
POMPEY (Cneius Pompeius Magnus / c. 106 – 48 BC)
The SPARTACUS uprising (73 – 71 BC)
-the Appian Way
Marcus Licinius CRASSUS (c. 115 — 53 BC)
The invasion of the Seleucid lands by Pompey and conquest of Palestine (63 BC)
Marcus Tullius CICERO (106 - 43 BC)
vs.
the Catiline conspiracy
(63 BC)
Julius Caesar becomes Pontifex Maximus (63 BC)
-Sosigenes of Alexandria
The First TRIUMVIRATE (59 – 49 BC) : Caesar & Pompey & Crassus
-Caesar and the Romans invade GAUL (59 BC > )
-divide et impera (divide and conquer)
-defeat of Vercingetorix
-Ptolemy XII, the Hellenistic ruler of Egypt, is overthrown and flees to Rome
-he allies with Pompey and is restored to the throne in Egypt by Pompey
-death of Crassus in Pontus (53 BC)
-Pompey vs. Caesar
-supporters of Julius Caesar
vs
opponents of Julius Caesar
-Marcus BRUTUS
-CICERO
-Marcus Antonius (MARK ANTONY)
-Pius Scipio
-Gaius CASSIUS
-CATO the YOUNGER
famous for his integrity
and loyalty to Republic
The collapse of the Triumvirate with the death of Crassus (49 BC)
Caesar invades Italy and Rome (49 BC)
-alea iacta est (the die is cast)
-“crossing the Rubicon”
[an irrevocable decision has been made]
-Pompey and the Senate flee from Rome
Caesar invades Egypt (48 BC)
-the assassination of Pompey
-alliance with CLEOPATRA VII (c. 69 BC / r. 51 – 30 BC)
-co-ruler of Egypt with PTOLEMY XIII (c. 63 / r. 51 – 47 BC)
-the advisor Ponthius
-death of the advisor Ponthius and of Ptolemy XIII
-re-installment of Cleopatra on the throne of Egypt in Alexandria
-Cleopatra marries Ptolemy XIV (c. 59 / r. 47 – 44 BC)
-birth of CAESARION (c. 47 – 30 BC)
Caesar conquers Pontus (48 BC)
-veni vidi vinci (“I came, I saw, I conquered”)
Caesar proclaims himself dictator perpetuo “dictator for life” (44 BC)
-the “Ides of March” (March 15, 44 BC)
__________________________________________________________________________
READINGS :
Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar
Plutarch
Livy
The Gallic Wars (or: The Conquest of Gaul )
The Civil War
Lives (or: The Makers of Rome )
The Early History of Rome
The Collapse of Rome : Marius, Sulla and the First Civil War
The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla
by A.H. Beesley
by Gareth Sampson
Caesar : Life of a Colossus, by Adrian Goldsworthy (2008)
Rubicon : The Last Years of the Roman Republic, by Tom Holland (2005)
____
FICTION:
The Grass Crown
by Colleen McCullough
The October Horse by Colleen McCullough (a novel about Caesar & Cleopatra)
IMPERIUM / CONSPIRATA / DICTATOR
-a trilogy of novels centered around the life of Cicero by Robert Harris
____________________________________________________________________________
If you have questions, please do not hesitate to contact me at [email protected]