Download Chapters 4 and 5 Review

Chapters 4 and 5 Test Review
Ecosystems and the Environment
1. How is a habitat is different from an ecosystem?
2. Name an area where you would expect to find the least biodiversity?
3. Give an example of an ecosystem that you would find close to home.
4. A regular progression of species replacement is called what?
5. List the sequence that a forest generally follows in succession.
Define the following:
6. biotic factor: _______________________________________
7. abiotic factor: _____________________________________
8. ecosystem: ________________________________________
11. What does most life on Earth depends on?
12. The lowest trophic level of any ecosystem is occupied by organisms such as
13. A large, carnivorous predator would be placed in the__________ trophic level.
14. Food webs are formed from food chains because______________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. The number of trophic levels that can be maintained in an ecosystem is limited by
what?
Define the following terms:
16. herbivore:_____________________________________________________
17. carnivore: ____________________________________________________
18. omnivore: _____________________________________________________
19. producer : _____________________________________________________
20. decomposer: __________________________________________________
21. Earth’s cycles of matter involve which aspects of an ecosystem?
22. All of the following are cycled through living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem
except
a. water
b. carbon
c. energy
d. phosphorus
23. What part of the water cycle contributes to the return of water vapor to the
atmosphere?
24. Which process brings carbon into the living portion of its cycle? Hint: it has to do
with plants.
25. For which reason do organisms need nitrogen?
Define the following terms:
26. respiration: ______________________________________________________
27. ammonification: ___________________________________________________
28. combustion: ______________________________________________________
29. denitrification:_______________________________________________________
30. erosion: ___________________________________________________________
31. Population growth is determined by migration in and out of the population, birthrate,
and ______________________________________________.
32. Which characteristic of a real population does a population model attempt to show?
a. growth
b. birthrate
c. death rate
d. immigration
33. In exponential growth, there are always more
a. deaths than births.
b. immigrants than emigrants.
c. births than deaths.
d. emigrants than immigrants.
34. Which characteristic of a population increases the effects of starvation, predators,
and disease?
a. increasing density
b. exponential growth
c. logistic growth
d. increasing death rate
35. In the human population, better sanitation and hygiene, disease control, and
agricultural technology are a few ways that science and technology have
a. increased the birthrate.
b. damaged ecosystems.
c. eliminated abiotic factors.
d. lowered the death rate.
Match the following terms with their description:
36. population
37. carrying capacity
38. immigration
39. emigration
40. logistic growth
a. the movement of individuals out of a population
b. the movement of individuals into a population
c. all the individuals of a species that live together in one
place at one time.
d. population growth is limited by a density-dependent factor
e. the largest population an environment can support at any
given time.
41. The development of adaptations of predators and prey in response to each other is
an example of
a. predation
b. commensalism c. coevolution
d. parasitism
42. In parasitism, the host
a. is killed by the parasite.
b. usually kills the parasite.
c. is benefited by the parasite.
d. is harmed by the parasite.
43. Plants often produce toxic compounds that protect them from
a. herbivores
c. mustard oils
b. parasitism
d. symbiotic relationships
44. How are the cleaner shrimp able to feed safely on parasites in the teeth of large
predator fish?
a. They are able to move quickly to avoid being eaten.
b. They have a mutualistic relationship with the fish.
c. They have stinging tentacles that keep them from being eaten.
d. None of these.
45. Which pair of organisms exists in a commensal relationship?
a. bear and fish
c. cleaner shrimp and fish
b. orchid and tree
d. dog and flea.
Match the following terms with their description:
46. coevolution
47. predation
48. parasitism
49. mutualism
50. commensalism
a. a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits
b. one organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another
organism
c. evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of
an ecosystem
d. the act of one organism killing and eating another for
food.
ab. a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
51. An organism’s niche includes
a. what it eats.
b. where it eats
c. how it reproduces
d. all of these
52. When two species compete for limited resources, competitive exclusion
a. is sure to take place
b. is not possible
c. will take place unless the species divide resources.
d. will cause both species to become extinct.
53. An organism almost never occupies itrs entire fundamental niche because of
a. competition
b. weather changes
c. lack of resources d. parasitism
54. What is the principle that enables five species of warbler to feed in the same tree
without competing?
a. resiliency.
b. divided resources c. predation d. biodiversity
Match the following terms with their description:
55. competition
a. the entire range of conditions in an ecosystem where an
organism could survive
56. realized niche
b. the biological interaction that occurs when two species
use the same resource.
57. fundamental niche
c. a species that is critical to the functioning of an
ecosystem
58. competitive exclusion d. the part of its niche that a species actually occupies.
59. keystone species
e. the elimination of a species due to competition.
60. The evolutionary changes between members of an ecosystem—such as the
evolution of flowers and the insects that feed on them is
a. stability
b. coevolution
c. parasitism