Download Animal behavior

Animal behavior
BrainpopBehavior
Behavior

A behavior is anything
an organism does in
response to a stimulus
in its environment.
BrainpopBehavior
Behavior


A stimulus is any kind of
signal (chemical or
physical) that can be
detected by an organism; a
response is the
organism’s reaction to the
stimulus.
Ex . Lowered blood
sugar causes a release in
insulin which triggers a
feeling of hunger.
Fill It In …
Give any example of a stimulus and a
response:
Behavior


Behaviors have evolved as
a result of natural
selection.
A behavior that is
beneficial to an organism
has adaptive value - it
allows the organism to
survive and reproduce
better than those
organisms that do NOT
display this behavior
Behavior

These behaviors may be
directed by genes (DNA)
and can therefore be
inherited by organisms
from their parents.
Behavior

Most behaviors occur as a
result of inherited genes
AND environmental
influences
Fill It In …
Don’t forget!
Behaviors occurring as a result of genes and
the environment illustrate the concept of
___________ vs. ______________
Two Main Types of Behavior

Innate behaviors are
inborn (genetically
programmed), so the
organism is born
already “knowing” the
behavior.
Two Main Types of Behavior

Learned behaviors
are aquired during an
organism’s life and
may change with
practice and
experience.
Check Yourself!
1.
What is a behavior?
2.
What are the two main types of behaviors?
3.
What is adaptive value?
4.
Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!
What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors?
1.
3.
What is adaptive value?
4.
Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!
What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value?
1.
4.
Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!
What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!
What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Check Yourself!
What is a behavior? ANYTHING AN ORGANISM
DOES IN RESPONSE TO A STIMULUS
2. What are the two main types of behaviors? INNATE
& LEARNED
3. What is adaptive value? ALLOWS ORGANISMS
TO SURVIVE & REPRODUCE BETTER
4. Circle the stimulus and put a square around the
response:
1.
1.
2.
The skin itches and the dog scratches.
Chimpanzees bare their teeth at the approach of a baboon.
Innate behaviors

Simple innate
behaviors:
 Automatic - quick,
unconscious reactions
 Ex. Reflexes such as
blinking
Innate behaviors

Simple innate
behaviors:
 Fight-or-Flight
response - the body
prepares for action in
response to stress or
fear
 Ex. Increased heart
rate and respiration
rate when in a car
accident
Innate behaviors



More complex innate
behaviors (and urges) are
often referred to as
INSTINCTS.
Simple instincts include
“suckling”, allowing
animals to be able to feed
right after birth.
Other instincts are more
complex; these behaviors
may be classified as one
of the following:
Innate behaviors


Courtship behavior pre-mating behavior
designed to help an
organism recognize and
pick the “best” mate
Ex. Fireflies flash lights
The Mating Dance
Innate behaviors


Territoriality - defending
physical space against
other animals; reduces
competition for scarce
resources
Ex. A cat scent-marks its
territory to warn others
Innate behaviors


Aggression - a threatening
behavior that one animal
uses to gain control over
another
Ex. Lions show their fangs
and snap at other lions
Innate behaviors


Dominance Hierarchy - a
social ranking within a
group that establishes
dominant and submissive
members
Ex. A puppy rolls over
and exposes its belly to
adult dogs
Innate behaviors


Orientation behaviors
Animals display TAXIS
behaviors


Movement toward or away
from a stimulus
Phototaxis - movement in
response to light

Ex. Moths are attacted to
light (positive)
Innate behaviors

Chemotaxis - movement
in response to chemicals

Ex. Insects are attracted to
chemical signals from other
insects (positive)
Fill It In …
Innate behavior summary:
1. Simple
a.
b.
2.
Instincts
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Innate behaviors

Behavioral Cycles
(Biological “Clock”)
 Many animals respond to
periodic changes in the
environment with daily or
seasonal cycles of
behavior; these cycles
allow for survival during
periods when food or
other resources may not
be available.
Innate behaviors

Circadian rhythms
are daily cycles of
behavior
 Ex. Sleeping and
waking

Based on 24-hours
z
z
z z
Innate behaviors

Seasonal rhythms
occur at certain times
of the year
 Migration movement from one
place to another and
then back again in
response to
environmental stimuli
Innate behaviors

Hibernation - a
decrease in
metabolism in
response to colder
temperatures
https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=TpY4frphe
Ww
Innate behaviors

Estivation - a
decrease in
metabolism in
response to warmer
temperatures
Fill It In …
Give 4 examples of “biological clocks”:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check Yourself!
1.
Name two simple innate behaviors.
More complex innate behaviors are called
______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
2.
4.
What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!
Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC
& FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called
______________.
3. Define a taxis behavior.
1.
4.
What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!
Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC
& FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called
INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior.
1.
4.
What is a “biological clock”?
Check Yourself!
Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC
& FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called
INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD
OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”?
1.
Check Yourself!
Name two simple innate behaviors. AUTOMATIC
& FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT
2. More complex innate behaviors are called
INSTINCTS .
3. Define a taxis behavior. MOVEMENT TOWARD
OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
4. What is a “biological clock”? RESPONSE IN
PERIODIC CHANGES IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
1.
Make a chart of Innate behaviors!
Behavior (INSTINCT)
Courtship
Territoriality
Aggression
Dominance Hierarchy
Orientation / Taxis
Circadian Rhythm
Migration
Hibernation
Estivation
DESCRIBE an example
(different from notes!)
Learned behaviors

Learned behaviors are
present mostly in
animals with a more
highly developed
nervous system.
 Learning requires
motivation - an
internal need that
causes an animal to act
(i.e. hunger)
Types of learning:

Habituation - occurs
when an animal is
repeatedly given a
stimulus with no
punishment or reward;
eventually the animal
stops responding
 Ex. You are able to
sleep through the night
even though you live
close to the train
tracks.
Types of learning:

Classical
conditioning - occurs
when an animal makes
a connection between
a stimulus and some
kind of reward or
punishment; also
called “learning by
association”
 Ex. Pavlov’s dogs
Types of learning:

Pavlov showed the
dogs food.
 The dogs salivated.
 Pavlov started to ring
a bell every time he
fed the dogs.
 Eventually, the dogs
would salivate
whenever they heard
the bell - even when
food was not present.
Brainpop- Conditioning
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Eo7jcI8fAuI
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=7OynlzqtxmY
Types of learning:


Operant conditioning occurs when an animal
learns to behave a certain
way through repeated
practice, in order to
receive a reward or avoid
punishment; also called
“trial-and-error”
Ex. A mouse learns how
to get through a maze in
order to get the food at the
end
Types of learning:


Insight
learning/Reasoning - the
most complicated form of
learning that occurs when
an animal applies
something it has already
learned to a new situation.
Ex. A pianist is able to
play a new piece of music
by “ear”
Fill It In …
Types of learned behaviors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check Yourself!
1.
What is motivation?
2.
What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning?
3.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Check Yourself!
What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT
CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning?
1.
3.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
Check Yourself!
What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT
CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning? CLASSICAL =
LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT
= TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov?
1.
Check Yourself!
What is motivation? INTERNAL NEED THAT
CAUSES AN ANIMAL TO ACT
2. What is the difference between classical and
operant conditioning? CLASSICAL =
LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION; OPERANT
= TRIAL-AND-ERROR
3. Who was Ivan Pavlov? STUDIED CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING WITH DOGS
1.

Combining Innate and
Learned Behaviors most behaviors result
from a combination of
innate and learned
behaviors.
Social behaviors

Social behaviors often combine learned
and innate behaviors
 Whenever animals
interact with members
of their own species,
they are exhibiting
social behaviors.
Social behaviors

Some animals may form
societies - a group of
related animals of the same
species that interact closely
and often cooperate with
one another.
 Membership in a society
may offer great survival
advantages.
 Ex. Zebras heard when
grazing to confuse
predators.
Social behaviors

Social behaviors
include courtship,
territoriality,
dominance hierarchy,
and communication.
Social behaviors

https://www.youtube.com/watch
Imprinting involves?v=7OynlzqtxmY
very young animals
recognizing and
following the first
moving object they
see - the urge to
follow is innate but
must learn from
experience what
object to follow
 Ex. Ducklings
imprint on their
mother
Social behaviors

Communication involves
the passing of information
from one organism to
another.
 Innate forms of
communication may
involve sound (a whale’s
song), sight (baring teeth),
touch (chimp grooming),
or chemicals (insects
release pheromones)
courtship- birds
Social behaviors

The most complex
form of
communication is
language - the use of
symbols to represent
ideas; requires a
complex nervous
system, memory, and
insight.
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=cEh-zclVo44
Fill It In …
Phermones are …
Example:
Fill It In …
Examples of social behaviors (indicate if
innate or learned):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Check Yourself!
1.
What is a society?
Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first
moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
2.
4.
What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!
What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED
ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT
INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN
COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first
moving object it sees.
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
1.
4.
What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!
What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED
ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT
INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN
COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first
moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
1.
4.
What is the most complex form of communication?
Check Yourself!
What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED
ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT
INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN
COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first
moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
1.
Check Yourself!
What is a society? A GROUP OF RELATED
ANIMALS OF THE SAME SPECIES THAT
INTERACT CLOSELY AND OFTEN
COOPERATE WITH ONE ANOTHER
2. Name an animal that is likely to imprint on the first
moving object it sees. DUCKLING
3. How are pheromones a means of communication?
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
4. What is the most complex form of communication?
LANGUAGE
1.