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Meteorology Unit (Atmosphere and air pressure) • Weather: Condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time. • Atmosphere: a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth and acts like a protective blanket – Contains oxygen – Protects from sun Layers of the Atmosphere • Troposphere: all weather happens here • Stratosphere: ozone layer-protects us • Mesosphere: middle layer (protects us for meteors) • Thermosphere What do you think is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere? ____________ Atmosphere Composition of the atmosphere • Nitrogen=78% • Oxygen=21% • Other 1%=water vapor, CO2 and other gases Atmosphere/Air Pressure • Atmosphere held in place by gravity • Air Pressure is strongest at the surface because there is more air above you. • As altitude increases, air pressure decreases – Think of a stack of books or a cheerleading pyramid Air pressure- the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface. Air Pressure As air pressure decreases, so does density. presses The weight of the atmosphere ________ down on every part of the Earth’s surface. The pressure exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere at any given location is called the atmospheric ___________ pressure or __________ barometric pressure. TRY THIS TO DEMONSTATE AIR PRESSURE: 1) Fill a plastic bottle with heated water. 2) Leave the water for a couple of minutes. 3) Pour water out and immediately screw on the cap. 4) Roll the bottle in ice. 5) Explain the results. dense In high pressure areas, air is more ________ than in areas of lower pressure. The high rising and pressure keeps water vapor from ______ forming rain clouds. The air is ________. sinking High pressure areas, or highs, are shown by “H” symbols. High barometric pressure supports sunny, clear, and favorable weather conditions. dense than In low pressure areas, air is less _______ in areas of higher pressure. The low pressure rise Moist water vapor can rise allows air to _____. and form _____________. storm clouds Low pressure areas, or lows, are shown by “L” symbols. Low barometric pressure supports unstable, and sometimes stormy weather conditions. Identify the areas of high and low pressure on the map. Notice what type of weather is indicated by radar in these areas. higher pressure into Air travels from areas of ______ areas of _______ lower pressure. As winds blow into a lower pressure region, the air moves clouds up. The upward flow of air can cause _______ and precipitation to form. A __________ barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. There are two types of aneroid barometer. It barometers. The first is the ________ consists of a box in which the air has been __________. removed Changes in the air pressure cause the sides to bulge in or out moving the pointer. 1) 2) 3) 4) Make a homemade barometer. Cut off the end of a balloon. Place the balloon over the top of a can or jar, pull tightly and secure with a rubber band. Cut the tip of the straw to create a pointer. Tape one end of the straw horizontally to the center of the balloon so that the other end hangs past the end of the can. Hold an index card up so that the straw points somewhere close to the middle of the card. Mark the spot. Draw five lines above and below this mark. Watch the barometer and record results daily. The other type of barometer is the mercurial _________ barometer. A tube is filled with rising and falling mercury Higher ________. pressure causes the mercury to rise in the tube. ____ How does a mercurial barometer measure atmospheric pressure? 1) Fill a glass barometer tube (closed at one end) with colored water. 2) Fill a beaker with colored water. 3) Cover the open end of the tube with your finger and invert the tube. Lower the tube carefully into the beaker. 4) Clamp the tube upright on the stand. 5) Mark a scale of centimeters on cardboard and label it from 60 – 90 cm. 6) Measure the actual height of the colored water over the next several days. (Keep out of the sunlight). Look at the map. Which part of the United States is having clear weather? Which part is most likely having stormy conditions?