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Transcript
10/13/2015 Tuesday, October 13th Learning Goals • Describe the differences between biotic and abiotic factors. Agenda • Ch. 4 Notes • Climatogram Practice Ecosystems and Communities Chapter 4 Homework • Test Retakes by Friday In Ecosystems, there are Biotic Factors • All living things • EX: plants, animals, bacteria, microorganisms In Ecosystems, there are Abiotic Factors • Physical, nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems • EX: temperature, precipitation, wind, soil, sunlight 1 10/13/2015 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • They determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives. What Is the Difference Between Weather & Climate? • Weather – day-to-day conditions at a particular place and time – EX: 78°F, sunny • Climate – average, year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a region – EX: mild temperatures, wet and dry seasons Climatograms • The climate of a region determines which organisms can survive there • Shows the average temperature and precipitation for a location – Temperature = line graph – Precipitation = bar graph Climatogram Practice 2 10/13/2015 Wednesday, October 14th Learning Goals • Identify the interactions that occur in communities. • Compare and contrast the 3 symbiotic relationships. Agenda • Ch. 4 Notes • Interactions foldable Homework • Climatogram Quiz Friday! • Test Retakes by Friday Review Habitat vs. Niche 1. A climatogram shows what two parts of climate? 2. A ________ graph is used to show precipitation. 3. A ________ graph is used to show temperature. 4. How can you determine the coldest month? Warmest? 5. How can you determine the wettest month? Driest? • Habitat: the area where an organism lives – A habitat includes both biotic and abiotic factors. 3 10/13/2015 • An organism’s role is its niche – Includes resources, living conditions, environmental interactions – Its job • Organisms never occupy the same niche in the same habitat • Why? − Organisms would constantly compete for resources • EX: Hawk & Owls − Both hawks and owls eat mice. − Every mouse that a hawk eats is one less for an owl, and the reverse is also true. − To reduce competition, hawks hunt at day, owls at night Community Interactions • When organisms live together in ecological communities, they interact constantly. – Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can affect an ecosystem. Competition • Organisms attempt to use a resource at the same time. – A resource is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space. – Interspecific competition: competition between 2 DIFFERENT species for the same resources – Intraspecific competition: competition between SAME species for the same resources 4 10/13/2015 Predation Symbiosis • Any relationship in which two species live closely together is called symbiosis. • Symbiotic relationships include: • An interaction in which one organism captures, kills and feeds on another organism – Predator - organism that kills and eats – Prey - food organism Symbiosis • Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship • EX: Bees feed on flower nectar, help pollenate flowers – mutualism – commensalism – parasitism Symbiosis • Commensalism: one member benefits and the other is unaffected • EX: Barnacles use and Whales for habitat, Whales not helped or harmed 5 10/13/2015 Symbiosis • Parasitism: one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it • EX: Tape worms feed in intestines of mammals, cause digestive problems How are parasites similar to predators? Different? Similar Different • They feed on other species • Predators usually kill • They both benefit while the host/prey is harmed • Parasites usually weaken and kill slowly or don’t kill HABITAT NICHE Interactions foldable INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION PREDATION MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM PARASITISM 6 10/13/2015 EX: Lions lives in the tropical savanna Where an organism lives EX: birds live in trees, are omnivores, can tolerate a variety of climates An organism’s role; includes resources, living conditions, interactions EX: Two male deer fighting for a female deer Competition between 2 DIFFERENT species EX: A lion and hyena fighting over a dead gazelle Competition between 2 SAME species EX: A wolf captures, kills and eats a caribou One organism captures, kills and feeds on another organism EX: A flower pollinated by a bee; the bee receives nectar Both species benefit from the relationship EX: A bird building a nest in a tree One member benefits and the other is unaffected EX: A tick feeding off the blood of a dog One organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it Review Thursday, October 15th Learning Goals • Compare and contrast the 3 symbiotic relationships. • Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes. Agenda • Review • Finish foldable • Interaction WS Homework • Climatogram Quiz tomorrow! • Test Retakes by Friday HABITAT NICHE 1. A climatogram shows what two parts of climate? 2. A ________ graph is used to show precipitation. INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION 3. A ________ graph is used to show temperature. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION 4. How can you determine the coldest month? Warmest? PREDATION 5. How can you determine the wettest month? Driest? MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM PARASITISM 7 10/13/2015 EX: Lions lives in the tropical savanna Where an organism lives EX: birds live in trees, are omnivores, can tolerate a variety of climates An organism’s role; includes resources, living conditions, interactions EX: Two male deer fighting for a female deer Competition between 2 DIFFERENT species EX: A lion and hyena fighting over a dead gazelle Competition between 2 SAME species EX: A wolf captures, kills and eats a caribou One organism captures, kills and feeds on another organism EX: A flower pollinated by a bee; the bee receives nectar Both species benefit from the relationship EX: A bird building a nest in a tree One member benefits and the other is unaffected EX: A tick feeding off the blood of a dog One organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it Species Interactions worksheet Review Friday, October 16th 1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example. Learning Goals • Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes. 2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example. Agenda • Climatogram Quiz • Notes • Biomes GO 4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the prey? Homework • Interactions Quiz on Wednesday! 7. What is intraspecific competition? 3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for. 5. What is predation? 6. What is interspecific competition? 8. What is mutualism? 9. What is commensalism? 10. What is parasitism? 8 10/13/2015 The Major Biomes Biomes • The world's major biomes include: • A group of communities that have similar soil, climate, plants and animals – – – – – – – – • Adaptations in plants and animals help different species survive under different conditions in different biomes. tropical rain forest tropical savanna desert temperate grassland chaparral temperate forest Taiga (boreal coniferous forest) tundra The Major Biomes Tropical Rain Forest 60°N • Dense forest of trees • Sloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans, parrots, butterflies, beetles, piranhas, anacondas 30°N 0° Equator 30°S 60°S Tropical rain forest Temperate grassland Temperate forest Tropical dry forest Desert Tropical savanna Temperate woodland and shrubland Mountains and ice caps Northwestern coniferous forest Boreal forest (Taiga) Tundra • Warm and wet year round • Home to more species than all other biomes combined • EX: Amazon Rainforest 9 10/13/2015 Desert Tropical Savanna • Cacti and other succulents • Foxes, snakes, lizards, beetles, scorpions, eagles • Tall perennial grasses • Lions, cheetahs, zebras, hyenas, giraffes, ostriches, termites, antelope • Hot during the day, cool/cold at night • Receives less than 25cm of rain a year - Driest area on earth • EX: Sahara desert Temperate Deciduous forest • Mixture of coniferous (evergreen) and deciduous (lose leaves) trees • Deer, bears, squirrels, raccoons, turkeys, skunks, song birds • Cold winters, warm summers • Year-round rainfall • EX: Missouri • • • • Warm year round Dry 4-8 months of the year Frequent fires EX: African savanna Monday, October 19th Learning Goals • Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes. Agenda • Finish Biomes GO • Video: Pole to Pole Homework • Interactions Quiz Wednesday! 10 10/13/2015 Review 1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example. 2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example. 3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for. 4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the prey? 5. What is predation? 6. What is interspecific competition? 7. What is intraspecific competition? 8. What is mutualism? 9. What is commensalism? 10. What is parasitism? Temperate Grasslands • Perennial grasses and herbs • Coyotes, badgers, prairie dogs, bison, owls, snakes, insects • Warm to hot summers and cold winters • Little rainfall to support trees • Periodic fires • EX: Great plains of U.S. Chaparral Tundra • Woody evergreen shrubs • Coyotes, foxes, mountain lions, deer, rabbits, hawks, lizards, snakes • Mosses, short grasses • Arctic foxes, polar bears, small rodents, musk ox, caribou • • • • Cold, wet winters Hot, dry summers Periodic fires EX: California coast • Dark, cold winters and cool summers • Permafrost • Almost as dry as deserts • EX: Arctic 11 10/13/2015 Taiga (Boreal Coniferous Forest) • Conifer tress, small berry shrubs • Lynxes, wolves, bears, moose, beavers, migratory birds • • • • Long, cold winters Short, mild summers Average rainfall EX: Canada Wednesday, October 21st Learning Goals • Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes. Agenda • Interactions Quiz • Biomes Project Homework • Research done by Friday! Review 1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example. 2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example. 3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for. 4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the prey? 5. What is predation? 6. What is interspecific competition? Biomes Project What are the unique characteristics of the world's major biomes? 7. What is intraspecific competition? 8. What is mutualism? 9. What is commensalism? 10. What is parasitism? 12