Download Ecosystems and Communities

10/13/2015
Tuesday, October 13th
Learning Goals
• Describe the differences between biotic and
abiotic factors.
Agenda
• Ch. 4 Notes
• Climatogram Practice
Ecosystems and
Communities
Chapter 4
Homework
• Test Retakes by Friday
In Ecosystems, there are Biotic
Factors
• All living things
• EX: plants, animals,
bacteria,
microorganisms
In Ecosystems, there are Abiotic
Factors
• Physical, nonliving, factors
that shape ecosystems
• EX: temperature,
precipitation, wind, soil,
sunlight
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
• They determine the survival
and growth of an organism
and the productivity of the
ecosystem in which the
organism lives.
What Is the Difference Between
Weather & Climate?
• Weather – day-to-day conditions
at a particular place and time
– EX: 78°F, sunny
• Climate – average, year-to-year
conditions of temperature and
precipitation in a region
– EX: mild temperatures, wet and dry
seasons
Climatograms
• The climate of a region determines which organisms
can survive there
• Shows the average temperature and precipitation for a
location
– Temperature = line graph
– Precipitation = bar graph
Climatogram Practice
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Wednesday, October 14th
Learning Goals
• Identify the interactions that occur in communities.
• Compare and contrast the 3 symbiotic relationships.
Agenda
• Ch. 4 Notes
• Interactions foldable
Homework
• Climatogram Quiz Friday!
• Test Retakes by Friday
Review
Habitat vs. Niche
1. A climatogram shows what two parts of climate?
2. A ________ graph is used to show precipitation.
3. A ________ graph is used to show temperature.
4. How can you determine the coldest month?
Warmest?
5. How can you determine the wettest month?
Driest?
• Habitat: the area
where an organism
lives
– A habitat includes
both biotic and
abiotic factors.
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• An organism’s role is its niche
– Includes resources, living conditions,
environmental interactions
– Its job
• Organisms never occupy the
same niche in the same habitat
• Why?
− Organisms would constantly
compete for resources
• EX: Hawk & Owls
− Both hawks and owls eat mice.
− Every mouse that a hawk eats is
one less for an owl, and the
reverse is also true.
− To reduce competition, hawks
hunt at day, owls at night
Community Interactions
• When organisms live together in ecological
communities, they interact constantly.
– Community interactions, such as competition,
predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can
affect an ecosystem.
Competition
• Organisms attempt to use a resource at the
same time.
– A resource is any necessity of life, such as water,
nutrients, light, food, or space.
– Interspecific competition: competition between 2
DIFFERENT species for the same resources
– Intraspecific competition: competition between
SAME species for the same resources
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Predation
Symbiosis
• Any relationship in
which two species live
closely together is called
symbiosis.
• Symbiotic relationships
include:
• An interaction in which
one organism captures,
kills and feeds on another
organism
– Predator - organism
that kills and eats
– Prey - food organism
Symbiosis
• Mutualism: both
species benefit from
the relationship
• EX: Bees feed on
flower nectar, help
pollenate flowers
– mutualism
– commensalism
– parasitism
Symbiosis
• Commensalism: one
member benefits and the
other is unaffected
• EX: Barnacles use and
Whales for habitat,
Whales not helped or
harmed
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Symbiosis
• Parasitism: one organism lives on or inside another
organism and harms it
• EX: Tape worms feed in intestines of mammals,
cause digestive problems
How are parasites similar to
predators? Different?
Similar
Different
• They feed on other
species
• Predators usually kill
• They both benefit while
the host/prey is harmed
• Parasites usually weaken
and kill slowly or don’t kill
HABITAT
NICHE
Interactions foldable
INTRASPECIFIC
COMPETITION
INTERSPECIFIC
COMPETITION
PREDATION
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
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EX: Lions lives in the tropical
savanna
Where an organism lives
EX: birds live in trees, are omnivores,
can tolerate a variety of climates
An organism’s role; includes resources,
living conditions, interactions
EX: Two male deer fighting for a
female deer
Competition between 2 DIFFERENT
species
EX: A lion and hyena fighting over a
dead gazelle
Competition between 2 SAME species
EX: A wolf captures, kills and eats a
caribou
One organism captures, kills and feeds
on another organism
EX: A flower pollinated by a bee; the
bee receives nectar
Both species benefit from the
relationship
EX: A bird building a nest in a tree
One member benefits and the other is
unaffected
EX: A tick feeding off the blood of a
dog
One organism lives on or inside
another organism and harms it
Review
Thursday, October 15th
Learning Goals
• Compare and contrast the 3 symbiotic relationships.
• Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes.
Agenda
• Review
• Finish foldable
• Interaction WS
Homework
• Climatogram Quiz tomorrow!
• Test Retakes by Friday
HABITAT
NICHE
1. A climatogram shows what two parts of climate?
2. A ________ graph is used to show precipitation.
INTRASPECIFIC
COMPETITION
3. A ________ graph is used to show temperature.
INTERSPECIFIC
COMPETITION
4. How can you determine the coldest month?
Warmest?
PREDATION
5. How can you determine the wettest month?
Driest?
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
PARASITISM
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10/13/2015
EX: Lions lives in the tropical
savanna
Where an organism lives
EX: birds live in trees, are omnivores,
can tolerate a variety of climates
An organism’s role; includes resources,
living conditions, interactions
EX: Two male deer fighting for a
female deer
Competition between 2 DIFFERENT
species
EX: A lion and hyena fighting over a
dead gazelle
Competition between 2 SAME species
EX: A wolf captures, kills and eats a
caribou
One organism captures, kills and feeds
on another organism
EX: A flower pollinated by a bee; the
bee receives nectar
Both species benefit from the
relationship
EX: A bird building a nest in a tree
One member benefits and the other is
unaffected
EX: A tick feeding off the blood of a
dog
One organism lives on or inside
another organism and harms it
Species Interactions
worksheet
Review
Friday, October 16th
1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example.
Learning Goals
• Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes.
2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example.
Agenda
• Climatogram Quiz
• Notes
• Biomes GO
4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the
prey?
Homework
• Interactions Quiz on Wednesday!
7. What is intraspecific competition?
3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for.
5. What is predation?
6. What is interspecific competition?
8. What is mutualism?
9. What is commensalism?
10. What is parasitism?
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The Major Biomes
Biomes
• The world's major biomes include:
• A group of communities that
have similar soil, climate, plants
and animals
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
• Adaptations in plants and
animals help different species
survive under different
conditions in different biomes.
tropical rain forest
tropical savanna
desert
temperate grassland
chaparral
temperate forest
Taiga (boreal coniferous forest)
tundra
The Major Biomes
Tropical Rain Forest
60°N
• Dense forest of trees
• Sloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys,
toucans, parrots, butterflies,
beetles, piranhas, anacondas
30°N
0° Equator
30°S
60°S
Tropical rain forest
Temperate grassland
Temperate forest
Tropical dry forest
Desert
Tropical savanna
Temperate woodland
and shrubland
Mountains and
ice caps
Northwestern
coniferous forest
Boreal forest
(Taiga)
Tundra
• Warm and wet year round
• Home to more species than all
other biomes combined
• EX: Amazon Rainforest
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Desert
Tropical Savanna
• Cacti and other succulents
• Foxes, snakes, lizards,
beetles, scorpions, eagles
• Tall perennial grasses
• Lions, cheetahs, zebras,
hyenas, giraffes, ostriches,
termites, antelope
• Hot during the day,
cool/cold at night
• Receives less than 25cm of
rain a year - Driest area on
earth
• EX: Sahara desert
Temperate Deciduous forest
• Mixture of coniferous
(evergreen) and deciduous
(lose leaves) trees
• Deer, bears, squirrels,
raccoons, turkeys, skunks,
song birds
• Cold winters, warm summers
• Year-round rainfall
• EX: Missouri
•
•
•
•
Warm year round
Dry 4-8 months of the year
Frequent fires
EX: African savanna
Monday, October 19th
Learning Goals
• Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes.
Agenda
• Finish Biomes GO
• Video: Pole to Pole
Homework
• Interactions Quiz Wednesday!
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10/13/2015
Review
1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example.
2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example.
3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for.
4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the
prey?
5. What is predation?
6. What is interspecific competition?
7. What is intraspecific competition?
8. What is mutualism?
9. What is commensalism?
10. What is parasitism?
Temperate Grasslands
• Perennial grasses and
herbs
• Coyotes, badgers, prairie
dogs, bison, owls, snakes,
insects
• Warm to hot summers
and cold winters
• Little rainfall to support
trees
• Periodic fires
• EX: Great plains of U.S.
Chaparral
Tundra
• Woody evergreen shrubs
• Coyotes, foxes,
mountain lions, deer,
rabbits, hawks, lizards,
snakes
• Mosses, short grasses
• Arctic foxes, polar bears,
small rodents, musk ox,
caribou
•
•
•
•
Cold, wet winters
Hot, dry summers
Periodic fires
EX: California coast
• Dark, cold winters and cool
summers
• Permafrost
• Almost as dry as deserts
• EX: Arctic
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Taiga (Boreal Coniferous Forest)
• Conifer tress, small berry
shrubs
• Lynxes, wolves, bears,
moose, beavers,
migratory birds
•
•
•
•
Long, cold winters
Short, mild summers
Average rainfall
EX: Canada
Wednesday, October 21st
Learning Goals
• Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes.
Agenda
• Interactions Quiz
• Biomes Project
Homework
• Research done by Friday!
Review
1. What is an abiotic factor? Give an example.
2. What is a biotic factor? Give an example.
3. Name 3 resources that organisms compete for.
4. A lion stalk and eat a gazelle. Who is the predator? Who is the
prey?
5. What is predation?
6. What is interspecific competition?
Biomes Project
What are the unique characteristics of the
world's major biomes?
7. What is intraspecific competition?
8. What is mutualism?
9. What is commensalism?
10. What is parasitism?
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