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Transcript
Land, Water, and Air 2.2 Lithosphere • Earth’s solid surface and interior • Includes the crust, mantle, and core • The crust and top layer of mantle are divided into huge, irregular-shaped slabs of rock called plates Plate Tectonics • Scientists believe Earth’s surface cracked into plates millions of years ago • These plates have been moving and shifting • This theory is known as plate tectonics Continental Drift • Plate tectonics is a theory that helps explain continental drift • Continental drift is a theory of how continents move over time • Today, Earth has 12 major plates and hundreds of smaller ones Plate Movement • Mountains form when plates bump into each other and push upward • Earthquakes occur when two plates slide past each other, catch and create tension • Eventually the tension is released and the ground shakes Plate Movement (cont.) • Volcanoes form along the edges of plates • Hot rock from inside the earth oozes or explodes then flows onto surrounding land/ocean floor • Plate movement has also created the Earth’s continents Hydrosphere • Earth’s liquid layer where water is found • Includes all the water on Earth: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Oceans Ponds Lakes Streams Groundwater Water in the air that forms clouds Water • Covers about 70% of Earth’s surface • Necessary for life • Humans are 50-75% water • Helps chemical reactions take place (allows organisms to grow, digest food, and sweat) Water (cont.) • Helps the Earth remain at temperatures that can support life (water absorbs and releases heat) • Earth is the only planet that has water in liquid form • Other planets have ice or water vapor Atmosphere • Layer of air that surrounds Earth • Contains a mixture of gases; nitrogen and oxygen • Made up of four layers Layers of Earth’s Atmosphere • Troposphere 0-16km above Earth ▫ layer where people live and breathe; also where weather happens • Stratosphere (16-50km above Earth) • Mesosphere (50-80km above Earth) • Thermosphere (80-480km above Earth) Atmosphere Layers • The farther a layer is from the Earth’s surface, the colder and thinner the air is • Act as protective blankets of air • Allows some of the sun’s rays to reach the Earth • Keeps warmth in at nighttime Ozone and UV • The ozone layer is located in the stratosphere • It absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation produced by the sun • Ultraviolet radiation is a part of sunlight • Small amounts help your skin make vitamin D • Vitamin D helps your skin, eyesight, bone and tooth growth • Too much can burn you, cause skin damage, cancer Assignment • • • • • Science in your Life Consumer Choices: Choosing Sun Protecting Pg. 53 #1-3 Turn in Vocabulary • • • • • • • Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Ozone Layer Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere