Download Year 12 ATAR Human Biology Unit 3 – Endocrine System

Year 12 ATAR Human Biology
Unit 3 – Endocrine System
Terminology List - Solutions
Homeostasis The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment.
Feedback System A situation where the response to a stimulus changes the original stimulus.
Negative feedback Where the response changes the original stimulus in an opposite way.
Endocrine Gland Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Exocrine Gland Glands that secrete their liquids through a duct such as salivary glands.
Receptor A structure that receives a stimulus.
Modulator A control centre responsible for processing information received from a receptor and for
sending information to an effector.
Effector A muscle or gland that carries out a response to a stimuli.
Stimulus A change, either internal or external, in the environment.
Hormone A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland that affects the funbctioning of a cell or organ.
Target Cells A cell whose activity is affected by a particular hormone.
Target Organs An organ whose activity is affected by a particular hormone
Paracrines Any chemical that is secreted from a cell that diffuses to and affects adjacent cells.
Enzyme amplification A series of chemical reactions in which one step is an enzyme that produces an
even greater number of product molecules at the next step.
Releasing factors A hormone who function it is to control the secretion of another hormone.
Inhibiting factors A hormone who function it is to reduce the secretion of another hormone.
Specificity Being specific, effects only one thing.
Diabetes A condition where there is either a higher or lower level of glucose in the blood.
Hyperthyroidism Too much thyroxine produced.
Hypothyroidism Too little thyroxine produced.
Goitre A swelling of the neck caused by an enlargement of the thyroid gland.
Disease Any condition where normal body functioning is affected.
Emphysema A disease where the walls of the alveoli break down.
Hypertension High salt level in the blood.
Hormone Replacement Therapy Where synthetic hormones are given to replace the declining natural
levels of hormones such as progesterone and eostrogen.
Luteinizing Hormone (L.H.) A hormone that stimulates ovulation & development of the Corpus Lutuem
and testosterone in males.
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (A.C.T.H.) A hormone that controls the production and release of certain
hormones from the adrenal cortex.
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (A.D.H.) A hormone that stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (T.S.H.) A hormone that stimulates the production and release of
hormones from the thyroid.