Download Endocrine System

Endocrine System
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. What distinguishes target cells from other cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
2. Which gland produces and releases a thyroid-stimulating hormone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
overproduction of human growth hormone
overproduction of insulin
underproduction of human growth hormone
underproduction of insulin
4. Which term best describes the actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
anterior pituitary
hypothalamus
posterior pituitary
thyroid
3. What causes giantism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
amount of cellulose in cell membrane
amount of phospholipids in cell membrane
hormone-specific cell surface receptors
hormone-specific cytoplasmic receptors
antagonistic
complementary
negative feedback
positive feedback
5. Which gland in the diagram below is responsible for controlling metabolism in the heart,
liver, kidney, and muscle tissues?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
A
B
C
D
6. What would be the best treatment for an individual with an intolerance to cold, decreased
heart rate, and weight gain, despite a decreased appetite?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
combination of insulin, exercise, and diet to control insulin levels
diet to reduce the amount of dietary iodine, increasing thyroxine production
increase the amount of vitamin D to increase levels of blood calcium
injections of thyroid hormone to increase metabolic activity
7. A newly discovered drug is found to increase the volume of urine production. When
ADH is administered, the volume of urine returns to normal. Which best describes the
action of the new drug?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
blocks the release of ADH from the kidney
blocks the release of ADH from the pituitary
triggers the release of ADH from the kidney
triggers the release of ADH from the pituitary
8. Which gland releases melatonin?
a. adrenal
____
b. pineal
c. pituitary
d. thymus
9. How does insulin affect blood in a normal human body?
a. decreases calcium levels
c. increases calcium levels
b. decreases glucose levels
d. increases glucose levels
____ 10. Which best describes the action of a drug that stimulates weight loss?
a.
b.
c.
d.
decreases the activity of the thymus gland
decreases the activity of the thyroid gland
increases the activity of the thymus gland
increases the activity of the thyroid gland
____ 11. Which hormone best fits the graph below?
a. adrenaline
b. estrogen
c. melatonin
d. thyroxine
____ 12. Which disorder is caused by a deficiency of thyroxine?
a. dwarfism
b. giantism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypothyroidism
____ 13. Which would result if the target gland were not stimulated during a negative feedback loop?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The hypothalamus would be inhibited.
The hypothalamus would be stimulated.
The target gland would not secrete its hormone.
The target gland would secrete its hormone.
____ 14. The graph below shows the blood glucose levels of a healthy person over a short period
of time. Which hormone is most likely secreted by the pancreas at point A?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. melatonin
d. somatotropin
____ 15. Which hormone acts on a positive feedback control mechanism?
a. calcitonin
b. oxytocin
c. parathyroid
d. thyroxine
____ 16. In the diagram below, which gland illustrates how the nervous and endocrine systems
work together?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 17. Which hormone raises blood sugar?
a. adrenaline
b. glucagon
c. insulin
d. thyroxine
____ 18. A person has a swollen neck and experiences fatigue and weight gain. Which would a
physician most likely recommend as appropriate treatment?
a.
b.
c.
d.
increasing dietary intake of calcium
increasing dietary intake of iodine
taking insulin injections
taking vitamin D pills
____ 19. Which hormone stimulates the sympathetic nervous system?
a. adrenaline
b. glucagon
c. somatotropin
d. thyroxine
____ 20. Which hormone would a doctor most likely give to an expectant mother to stimulate
uterine contractions and induce labour?
a. insulin
b. oxytocin
c. prolactin
____ 21. Which gland is located deep in the centre of the brain?
d. thyroxine
a. adrenal
b. pineal
c. pituitary
d. thymus
____ 22. Which hormone regulates sugar uptake by cells?
a. insulin
b. melatonin
c. somatotropin
d. thyroxine
____ 23. A boy entering grade one is 1.5 m tall and in grade three he is 2.0 m tall. If the other grade three
children are 1.2 m tall, which hormone is overactive in this boy?
a. cortisol
b. glucagon
c. somatotropin
d. testosterone
____ 24. Which hormone is released from the pineal gland?
a. ADH
b. FSH
c. melatonin
d. oxytocin
____ 25. When going through puberty, how does testosterone put hair on a boy’s chest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
creates a second messenger
effects cells to change shape
interacts with DNA in the nuclei of cells
triggers nerve impulses in cells
____ 26. Which hormones are produced in the adrenal gland?
a. ADH and FSH
b. aldosterone and cortisol
c. GH and GnRH
d. oxytocin and thymosin
____ 27. What is the target organ for the hormone insulin?
a. adrenal cortex
b. heart
c. kidney
d. liver
____ 28. A tumour detected on the thyroid gland inhibits thyroid function. What is the effect on
thyroxin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
a. A
b. B
____ 29. Which gland secretes melatonin?
c. C
d. D
a. lacrimal
b. pineal
c. pituitary
d. sweat
____ 30. Which gland functions improperly when there is a lack of iodine in the diet?
a. adrenal
b. salivary
c. tear
d. thyroid
____ 31. Why do protein hormones need to trigger a second messenger to activate a target cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
They are not water soluble.
They bind to multiple types of cells.
They cannot cross cell membranes.
They require activation by ATP.
____ 32. Which disorder is caused by an over-secretion of the human growth hormone (HGH)?
a. diabetes mellitus
b. dwarfism
c. giantism
d. hyperthyroidism
____ 33. Which is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant body temperature?
a. antagonistic hormones
b. negative feedback system
c. pituitary hormones
d. positive feedback system
____ 34. What is most likely present in high amounts in an individual who has been fasting for
24 hours?
a. glucagon
b. glucose
c. insulin
d. oxytocin
____ 35. Which gland controls calcium levels in blood?
a. adrenal
b. pineal
c. thymus
d. thyroid
____ 36. Dwarfism is caused by the under-secretion of which hormone?
a. adrenaline
b. HGH
c. LH
d. thyroxine
____ 37. The graph below shows the blood glucose levels of a healthy person over a short period
of time. Which hormone is most likely secreted by the pancreas at point Y?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. melatonin
d. somatotropin
____ 38. Which is a result of hyperthyroidism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
decreased blood vessel diameter
decreased mental capacity
increased bone calcium
increased metabolic rate
____ 39. What is the main role of the endocrine system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
coordinate movement of the body
defend the body against illness and infection
produce chemicals that affect other parts of the body
remove waste products from the blood
____ 40. A disruption in the feedback loop of which structure below results in a slower
metabolism?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 41. If an adult male lacks facial hair, has a high pitched voice and above average body fat,
which hormone is most likely secreted in low amounts?
a. HGH
b. estrogen
c. melatonin
d. testosterone
____ 42. Which hormone can be used to treat diabetes mellitus?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. somatotropin
d. thyroxine
____ 43. If a drug completely destroys the cells in the pancreas, which conditions could be
expected to develop in the body fluids?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 44. Which gland produces melatonin?
a. adrenal
b. anterior pituitary
c. pineal
d. thyroid
____ 45. Which hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth?
a. adrenaline
b. HGH
c. oxytocin
d. TSH
____ 46. Which structure below regulates the secretion of hormones from the ovaries?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 47. If a person has experienced an extended period of starvation, which describes the
hormone levels of insulin and glucagon in their blood?
a. A
b. B
____ 48. Which endocrine gland releases thyroxin?
c. C
d. D
a. adrenal
b. hypothalamus
c. pineal
d. thyroid
____ 49. Which hormone triggers the cellular release of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into
the bloodstream?
a. glucagon
b. insulin
c. melatonin
d. thyroxine
____ 50. Why might a doctor prescribe exposure to sunlight for a person experiencing symptoms
of depression and an overwhelming desire for sleep?
a. decrease melatonin levels
b. decrease somatotropin levels
c. increase acetylcholine levels
d. increase thyroxine levels
____ 51. Which type of hormones penetrate target cells to combine with genes to produce
proteins?
a. ACTH
b. carbohydrates
c. non-steroids
d. steroids
____ 52. Which disease is caused by an excessive production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland?
a. diabetes mellitus
b. gigantism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypothyroidism
____ 53. Which is directly involved in the action of most non-steroid based hormones?
a. permeable membrane
b. prostaglandins
c. second messenger
d. testosterone
____ 54. Which hormones have antagonistic effects?
a.
b.
c.
d.
epinephrine and ADH
insulin and glucagon
thyroxine and calcitonin
thyroxine and parathyroid hormone
____ 55. Which gland is represented by X?
a. adrenal medulla
b. pancreas
c. posterior pituitary
d. thyroid
____ 56. Which describes the blood hormone concentration of a person who has not eaten for 24
hours?
a. high insulin, high glucagon
b. high insulin, low glucagon
c. low insulin, high glucagon
d. low insulin, low glucagon
____ 57. What causes acromegaly?
a.
b.
c.
d.
overproduction of human growth hormone
underproduction of human growth hormone
overproduction of insulin
underproduction of insulin
____ 58. Which gland produces and releases adrenocorticotropin?
a. anterior pituitary
b. hypothalamus
c. posterior pituitary
d. thyroid
____ 59. As we age the level of this hormone decreases, resulting in diminished muscle mass and wrinkles.
a. thyroxine
c. somatotropin
b. ADH
d. prolactin
____ 60. Which hormones have complementary effects?
a.
b.
c.
d.
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
vitamin D and prolactin
adrenaline and noradrenaline
insulin and glucagon
____ 61. Which of the following substances is NOT used by the body to make hormones?
a. proteins
b. glucose
c. cholesterol
d. polypeptides
____ 62. Which of the following is normally not part of the fight-or-flight reflex?
a.
b.
c.
d.
increase in blood glucose level
increase in oxygen level in blood
increase in thyroid hormone level in blood
increase in adrenaline level in blood
____ 63. Elevated levels of this hormone can enhance the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
a. somatotropin
b. thymosin
c. thyroxine
d. melatonin
____ 64. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
steroid hormones are manufactured from proteins
steroid hormones are hydrophobic
steroid hormones use a second messenger
steroid hormones are not fat soluble
____ 65. Which of the following statements is false?
a.
b.
c.
d.
non-steroid hormones are composed of proteins, peptides or amino acids
non-steroid hormones are fat soluble
non-steroid hormones use cAMP as a second messenger
non-steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane
____ 66. Which of the following hormones stimulates lactogenesis?
a. cortisol
b. prolactin
c. oxytocin
d. thyroxine
____ 67. Which of the following is not a part of the body where excess nutrients, surplus to our immediate needs, are
stored?
a.
b.
c.
d.
adipose tissue
liver
muscle tissue
kidney
____ 68. When blood Ca2+ levels are too high the ________ gland secretes _________ which results in the uptake of
Ca2+ in the bones.
a.
b.
c.
d.
parathyroid gland; calcitonin
parathyroid gland; parathyroid hormone
thyroid gland; calcitonin
thyroid gland; parathyroid hormone
____ 69. Which of the following glands secrete hormones that provide a sustained stress response?
a.
b.
c.
d.
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
pancreas
thymus gland
____ 70. During times of stress, ACTH triggers the adrenal cortex to secrete higher levels of which hormone?
a.
b.
c.
d.
adrenaline
aldosterone
cortisol
noradrenaline
____ 71. Which of the following hormones is also a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system?
a. adrenaline
b. aldosterone
c. cortisol
d. thymosin
____ 72. Which gland produces a hormone that stimulates the production and maturation of lymphocytes into T cells?
a. adrenal galnd
b. pineal gland
c. thymus gland
d. thyroid gland
____ 73. Which disorder of the endocrine system is thought to develop when the immune system attacks and destroys
the beta cells of the pancreas?
a.
b.
c.
d.
acromegaly
Grave’s disease
myxedema
type 1 diabetes
____ 74. What is the most common cause of an excess production of HGH?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lack of dietary iodine
tumour in the pituitary gland
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
lack of sunshine/daylight
____ 75. If a problem arises in the thyroid gland that results in a decrease in thyroxine production, how does this affect
the level of thyroid stimulating hormone that is then produced?
a.
b.
c.
d.
levels will decrease
levels will stay the same
levels will increase
thyroxine production has no effect on thyroid stimulating hormone production
____ 76. Which of the following relationships best demonstrates the overlapping functionality of the nervous system
and the endocrine system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
adrenal cortex and the production of cortisol
adrenal medulla and production of adrenaline
pancreas and the production of insulin
thymus gland and the production of thymosin
____ 77. If a pregnant woman failed to produce oxytocin, what would be the result?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____ 78.
Urination would be more frequent.
ADH levels in the bloodstream would drop.
Uterine contractions would not begin for labour.
Oxytocin levels would increase in the bloodstream.
Normally, inhibition of the pituitary gland would occur if the secretion of hormone X
a.
b.
c.
d.
increased, causing a decrease in the secretion of hormone Y
decreased, causing a decrease in the secretion of hormone Y
increased, causing an increase in the secretion of hormone Y
decreased, causing an increase in the secretion of hormone Y
____ 79. The endocrine function of the pancreas was studied in Canada using dogs as
experimental animals. The pancreatic cells with an endocrine function are
a. islet cells
b. blood cells
c. Sertoli cells
d. interstitial cells
____ 80.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
BST could probably be obtained naturally from which gland in a cow?
a. Thyroid
b. Adrenal
c. Pituitary
d. Pancreatic
____ 81.
Use the following information to answer the next question.
In a cow’s mammary gland, BST is most similar in its effect to
a. estrogen
b. oxytocin
c. prolactin
d. progesterone
____ 82. During an emergency situation, the adrenal gland is stimulated to release a hormone that directly
causes an increase in
a. insulin levels
b. blood glucose levels
c. parasympathetic stimulation
d. conversion of glucose to glycogen
____ 83.
Possible symptoms of phenochromocytoma include
a.
b.
c.
d.
increased heart rate, increased blood sugar, increased metabolic rate
decreased heart rate, increased blood sugar, increased metabolic rate
increased heart rate, decreased blood sugar, decreased metabolic rate
decreased heart rate, decreased blood sugar, decreased metabolic rate
____ 84.
Hormones X and Y, respectively, are
a.
b.
c.
d.
insulin and glucagon
glucagon and insulin
insulin and epinephrine
epinephrine and insulin
____ 85.
If the physiological factor influencing this negative feedback loop were the
metabolic rate, then 1, 2, and 3, respectively, would be the
a.
b.
c.
d.
hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid
thyroid, hypothalamus, and pituitary
pituitary, thyroid, and hypothalamus
pituitary, hypothalamus, and thyroid
____ 86. The response to increased glucose levels in the blood is the conversion of glucose to
glycogen. This response is the result of the secretion of
a.
b.
c.
d.
insulin by the adrenal medulla
glucagon by the adrenal medulla
insulin by the islets of Langerhans
glucagon by the islets of Langerhans
____ 87. While playing a vigorous game of basketball, a person’s overall rate of metabolism increases. Which
two hormone levels rise so that blood glucose levels meet the needs of the increased metabolic rate?
a. Cortisol and ADH
b. Steroids and HGH
c. Insulin and acetylcholine
d. Epinephrine and glucagon
Endocrine System
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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Aug 04 #4
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Aug 04 #6
Aug 04 #7
Aug 04 #12
Aug 04 #14
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June 04 #10
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June 06 #14
June 06 #15
June 07 #12
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