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External anatomy for the Cat: A Dissection Activity Explore your specimen’s external anatomy using the following procedure: Don lab apron or coat, gloves, and eye protection (these if desired). 1. Position, then draw and label a dorsal, ventral, and lateral view of whole specimen. Label superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, caudal, and cranial as they apply. 2. With the specimen in dissecting tray, identify features that are mammalian evolutionary adaptations that distinguish them from other types of organisms. 3. Locate and examine the following structures: o Head, including eyes and eyelids; o pinnae (external ear structures); o mouth; o nares (nostrils); o philtrum (cleft in upper lip); and o vibrissae (long, stiff hairs around the mouth/cheeks, eyes and forelimbs). o Neck, o trunk, including mammillary papillae (teats), o anus, o urogenital opening or scrotum and penis (prepuce), and o tail. o Forelimbs including shoulders, elbows, wrists, feet, toes, claws, and tori (foot pads). o Hind limbs including hips, knee, ankles, feet, toes, claws, and tori (foot pads). 4. Separate the upper and lower eyelids. Locate and examine the third eyelidthe nictitating membrane. External Anatomical Terms for the Cat- Quizlet Definitions (online review material from https://quizlet.com/50042201/cat-external-anatomy-and-skin-flash-cards/) General terms- head and body: anal opening -located at base of tail dorsal to the urogenital orifice buccales labiales-mandibularis buccales labiales-maxiallaris --vibrissae on lower lip --vibrissae on upper lip infraorbitalis -vibrissae below eye nares –nostrils situated on external nose nictitating membrane -3rd eyelid that helps to moisten and clean eye philtrum -groove that clefts lip in center pili carpales -long hairs on forefeet pinna -long, flexible external fold which directs sound waves into the external auditory meatus plica semilunaris- greatly reduced nictitating membrane scrotum -contains testes supraorbitalis -vibrissae above eye teats/nipples -external openings of mammary glands located on ventral surface of trunk usually 4 on each side vibrissae/pili tactile- sensory hairs on face zygomatici buccales -vibrissae on cheek Locomotion-oriented: digitigrade -animals walk on digits with the remainder of hand and foot elevated manus -forefoot pes -hindfoot plantigrade -(humans) walk on entire sole of foot tori -thick pads on bottom of cats foot torus carpalis -covers accessory carpal bone torus digitalis -pads on 5 digits of forefoot torus metacarpalis -larger pad that serves as cushion for joint betwee metalcarpals and proximal phalanges torus metatarsalis -pads on hindfoot tori tarsali -pads on hindfoot unguligrade -(horse/cow) walk on hoofs Hair-related: arrector pili -skin muscles cortex -elongated cells that surround medulla cuticle scale-like cells that cover cortex follicles pits in skin where hair is located medulla -central portion of hair root portion of hair in follicle sebaceous and sudoriferous -skin glands shaft -exposed portion of hair in follicle Nictitating Membrane (vertical eyelid)plica semilunaris Vibrassae (2 of 3 sets on the cat)