Download Type of Body Symmetry

The
Animal
Kingdom
Part 1
General Characteristics:
Exhibit multicellular construction
 Composed of eukaryotic cells
 Nutrition is by ingestion
 Animals differ from plants

• Contain centrioles & asters
• Lack chlorophyll, plastids, cell walls
• Exhibit both embryonic and larval
stages
• Exclusively heterotrophic
General Characteristics:

Complex organisms - up to 10 systems
1) Skeletal
2) Muscular*
3) Endocrine
4) Nervous*
5) Circulatory
6) Lymphatic
7) Integumentary
8) Reproductive
9) Excretory
10)Respiratory
11) Digestive
*
Unique to animals
General Characteristics:

Adult form may be viewed as a complex
tube within a tube

Reflected by the presence of 3 primary
germ layers:
– Ectoderm – integument & nervous
– Mesoderm – muscles and most other
organs
– Endoderm – lines digestive tube
General Characteristics:

Reflected by the presence of 3 primary
germ layers:
– Ectoderm – integument & nervous
– Mesoderm – all other systems
– Endoderm – digestive
Triploblastic – possess all 3 germ layers
Diploblastic – possess only 2 germ layers
General Characteristics:

Exhibit the Diplontic Life Cycle
(sexual reproduction)
•
•
•
Adult 2N
Gamete 1N
Zygote 2N
Adult
2N
egg 1N
mitosis
Zygote
2N
meiosis
sperm 1N
Domain
Eukarya
Animal Classification
Broad Classification




1)
2)
3)
4)
Level of Organization
Type of Body Symmetry
Type of Body Cavity
Embryonic Development
Level of Organization


IF the cell develops from a single cell
to the tissue level only, it belongs to
Subkingdom Parazoa
(beside the animals)

Phylum Porifera - sponges
(to bear pores)
Level of Organization


All others develop to an organ or organ
system level:
Subkingdom Eumetazoa
(true later animal)
Type of Body Symmetry
1. Only sponges lack symmetry (asymmetrical)
2. Organisms whose body parts are organized
around a central axis and radiate from the
central core like the spokes of a wheel exhibit
radial symmetry. (Think of an orange.)
3. Organisms whose body parts are arranged
along a longitudinal axis where right and left
half are mirror images of each other exhibit
bilaterial symmetry. (Think of a butterfly.)
Type of Body Symmetry
Radially
symmetrical
organisms
belong to

Grade
Radiata
Type of Body Symmetry
Bilaterially
symmetrical
organisms
belong to

Grade
Bilaterata
Type of Body Symmetry



Grade Radiata
larva, ancestors, AND adults
are radially symmetrical
Phylum Cnidaria
- jellyfish
Another typical Cnidarian: Hydra
Cnidarian forms
Type of Body Symmetry
All others belong to the


Grade Bilaterata
larva, ancestors, OR adults are
bilaterally symmetrical
Type of Body Cavity (coelom)

Subgrade Acoelomata

Phylum Platyhelminthes -the flatworms


NO body cavity
Solid layer of mesoderm
ectoderm
solid mesoderm
endoderm
gut
Type of Body Cavity (coelom)




Subgrade Pseudocoelomata
Phylum Nematoda -the roundworms
False cavity (false coelom)
Pseudocoel only partially lined
with mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm w/ mesoderm lining
Pseudocoel
Gut
Type of Body Cavity (coelom)




Subgrade Coelomata
Phyla Annelida  Chordata
True body cavity
Coelom completely lined with
mesoderm
ectoderm
Coelom (completely
lined with mesoderm)
endoderm
gut
Body Plans
Choanoflagellates
Protist Link to
Animals?
Embryonic Development/ formation of the archenteron
Type of Embryonic Development
If the first
opening into the
blastocoel is the
mouth, the
organism is a
Protostome.
Type of Embryonic Development
If the second
opening into the
blastocoel formed is
the mouth, the
organism is a
Deutrostome.
A
family
tree