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Animal Kingdom
Animals
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia:
1) Acquire food via ingesting food then digesting
the contents (Heterotrophic)
2) Capable of movement created by muscle tissues
3) Multicellular
4) Adults are typically diploid
5) Embryo undergoes specific developmental
stages
8 Phyla
Phylum
Members
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Sponges
Jelly fish, Sea anenome
Flatworms
Round worms
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Snails, Slugs, Octopus
Earthworms
Starfish, Sea cucumbers
Arthropoda
Spiders, Crabs, Insects
Chordata
Sea squirts, Humans
Invertebrates versus Vertebrates
Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human
skeleton)
Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell)
Invertebrates versus Vertebrates
Endoskeleton: Bone and cartilage (human skeleton)
Exoskeleton: Armour on the outside (Crab shell)
Invertebrates: All phyla except chordata
Have exoskeletons or no skeleton
at all.
Vertebrates: Only in the phylum chordata
Have endoskeletons.
Levels of Organization
Three Possible Levels of Organization:
1) cellular organization
2) Tissue organization
3) Organ organization
(Not all phyla have all three)
Germ Layers
Three Possible Germ layers:
1) Ectoderm (ecto = outside)
2) Mesoderm (meso = middle)
3) Endoderm (endo = inside)
Note:
• If all 3 germ layers are present = organ level of
organization
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Type of Body Plan
Two Body Plans:
1) Sac plan: Incomplete digestive
System. One opening for food and
waste
2) Tube within a tube plan: Complete
digestive system. Food and waste have
their own openings in the body
Type of Symmetry
Two Types of Symmetry:
Radial: Symmetrical along
the radius. If you cut the
organism along its radius
it will form identical
parts.
Bilateral:
Type of Symmetry
Two Types of Symmetry:
Radial: Symmetrical along
the radius. If you cut the
organism along its radius
it will form identical
parts.
Bilateral: (Bi = in half) If you
cut the organism down
the middle they will
create two symmetrical
halves
Types of Symmetry
Asymmetrical: (A = not)
Does not have symmetry
along any axis
Segmentation
Segmentation: Repeating segments found along
the length of the body.
Type of Body Cavity
Coelom: The part of the body
cavity that contains the organs
Three Types of Body Cavities
Type of Body Cavity
Coelom: The part of the body cavity
that contains the organs
Three Types of Body Cavities
Acoelomate: Organisms that have
no coelom
Pseudocoelomate: Part of the
coelom is bordered by endoderm
the rest borders mesoderm
Coelomate: The entire coelom is
bordered by mesoderm