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UNIVERSITY OF RAJSHAHI Faculty of Science DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (North Block, 4th Science Building) Tel: 0721-750041/4103 Fax: 0721-750064 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ru.ac.bd/cse Syllabus for M.Sc. Session: 2009–2010 EXAMINATION: 2010 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 University of Rajshahi Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science and Engineering Syllabus for M.Sc. Degree Session: 2009 - 2010 M.Sc. Examination: 2010 The Master of Science (M.Sc.) Courses in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) are of one academic year and is not more than three academic years from the date of first admission. A student will study of 8 Units and 32 Credits with total 800 Marks. The courses have been designed for two groups: General (G) and Thesis (T). The courses for the groups are distributed as follows: Courses for General Group Courses for Thesis Group Theoretical Courses Same as for G Tutorial Same as for G General Viva-Voce Same as for G Practical and Project Thesis and Viva-Voce on thesis The detail distribution of Courses along with Title, Marks, Units, Credits and Duration of Examinations are depicted below. Distribution of Courses with Title, Marks etc.: Courses Marks Unit Credits Duration of Examination/ Hours 75 0.75 3 4 75 0.75 3 4 75 75 75 0.75 0.75 0.75 3 3 3 4 4 4 75 75 0.75 0.75 3 3 4 4 a. Theoretical courses for both General and Thesis Groups: Compulsory courses: CSE 501: Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision CSE 502: Advanced Networking and Network Security CSE 503: Data Mining and Warehousing CSE 504: Embedded Systems CSE 505: Advanced Web Engineering Optional courses: (One course should be selected from the following courses) CSE 506: Human Computer Interaction CSE 507: Advanced Software Engineering 1 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi Courses Marks Unit Credits CSE 508: Computer Animation and Virtual Reality CSE 509: Robotics and Computer Vision CSE 510: Decision Support System CSE 511: Knowledge Engineering 75 0.75 3 Duration of Examination/ Hours 4 75 75 75 0.75 0.75 0.75 3 3 3 4 4 4 CSE 512GT: Tutorial CSE 513GV: General Viva Voce b. Practical Experiments and Project for General Group: 50 100 0.5 1.0 2 4 - Practical Labs (CSE 514P) 150 1.50 6 18 Compulsory Labs: CSE 514P(A): Pattern Recognition Lab. CSE 514P(B): Advanced Networking & Network Security Lab. CSE 514P(C): Data Mining and Warehousing Lab. CSE 514P(D): Embedded Systems Lab. CSE 514P(E): Advanced Web Engineering Lab. 125 25 25 15 3 3 25 3 25 25 3 3 Optional Labs: (Any One) (One Lab should be selected from the following Labs) CSE 514P(F): Human Computer Interaction Lab CSE 514P(G): Advanced Software Engineering Lab. CSE 514P(H): Computer Animation and Virtual Reality Lab. CSE 514P(I): Robotics and Computer Vision Lab. CSE 514P(J): Decision Support System Lab. CSE 514P(K): Knowledge Engineering Lab. 25 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 25 3 CSE 515J: Project 50 6 c. Thesis Group: CSE 516TH: Thesis CSE 517V: Viva Voce 150 50 1.5 0.5 6 2 800 8 32 Grand Total 2 - M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 Brief Ordinance for M.Sc. Degree, The faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Master of Science (M.Sc.) Admission Requirements: For admission to the M.Sc. course in CSE Department a student must have the following qualifications: The Bachelor of Science with Honours Degree of four years duration of this University or of a recognised University in the CSE or similar subject. A maximum of two years’ break of study after passing B.Sc. Honours Examination shall be allowed. The number of seats in CSE Department will be determined by the CSE Academic Committee based on facilities available in the Department. Admission will be on the basis of merits (and if necessary), through admission test to be decided by the CSE Department. Eligibility for examination: In order to be eligible for taking the M.Sc. Examination, a candidate must have pursued a regular course of study by attending not less than 75% of the total number of classes held (theoretical, practical, tutorials etc.) provided that the Academic Committee of the CSE Department on special grounds and on such documentary evidence, as may be necessary, may recommend to the Vice-Chancellor cases of shortage of attendance ordinarily not below 60% for condonation. A candidate appearing in the examination under the benefit of this provision shall have to pay in addition to the examination fees, the requisite fee prescribed by the Syndicate for the purpose. A candidate, who failed to appear at the examination or fails to pass the examination, may on the approval of the relevant Department be readmitted to the following session. Pass Marks: (a) The credit points achieved by an examinee for a 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 unit course will be 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, on securing 25% marks or more and 40% marks or more in the relevant Theory courses and Practical/Project/Dissertation/In-Plant Training etc, respectively. In order to pass the Master of Science Examination in CSE, a candidate must obtain (i) at least 30% (33% for Mathematics) of the total marks in theory papers, Tutorials, Viva voce, (ii) 40% marks in Practical, Dissertation, In_Project (iii) 36% marks in the aggregate and (iv) 24 credit points. A score of less than 25% marks in any Theory courses and less than 40% marks in Practical, Thesis/Dissertation, Project shall not be counted. 3 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi (b) The gradation of the results shall be as follows: Average 60% marks and above : First Class Average 45% marks (but below 60%) : Second Class Average 36% marks (but below 45%) : Third Class A student who marginally gets a Second class or Third class may be given grace marks to improve the result. The Examination Committee may recommend maximum of 3 marks for improving results of a candidate from the Second Class to First Class and a maximum of 5 marks for improving the results from Third Class to the Second Class. The grace mark should clearly be shown in the Tabulation sheet. Names of candidates placed in the First and Second Class shall be arranged in order of merit and those placed in the Third Class shall be arranged in accordance with their examination roll numbers in the list of successful candidates. Improvements of Results: A student obtaining a Third Class in M.Sc. Final Examination may be allowed to improve his/her result once as irregular candidate under the following conditions: (a) A student willing to improve his/her result shall be required to sit for the improvement Examination in all Courses (except Tutorials) with regular students within five years from the date of publication of his/her result. Previous marks for Tutorials shall remain valid. (b) A student shall be allowed to appear in examination of those courses (maximum 4 units) having marks less than 45% to improve his/her result in the next immediate batch by paying special fee determined by the Syndicate. (c) A candidate appearing at the improvement examination shall not be awarded grace marks to improve the Degree and shall not be placed in the merit list. (d) If a student fails to improve the Degree the previous results shall remain valid. References 1: 2: 3: 4: AC No. 221, date: 21-05-2008 Extra ordinary Syndicate, date: 05-06-2008 AC No. 209, date: 14-09-2004 Syndicate No. 388, date: 23-09-2008 4 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 Detail Syllabus for M.Sc. Program CSE 501: Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Introduction: Pattern and feature, Problems in pattern recognition, Design concepts and methodologies, Classification techniques, Minimum distance pattern classifier, Training and learning in Pattern recognition approaches-Neural pattern recognition, Pattern recognition tasks by feed forward neural networks. Statistical Pattern Recognition: Gaussian model-Supervised learning-Parametric and non-Parametric estimation-Maximum likelihood estimation-Bayesian parameters estimation-Perception algorithm-LMSE algorithm-Problems with Bayes approachPattern classification by distance functions. Cluster Analysis: Unsupervised learning-Clustering for Unsupervised learning and classification-K-means algorithm-Hierarchical procedures-Graph theoretic approach to pattern clustering-Validity of clustering solutions. Syntactic Pattern Recognition: Elements of formal grammar-String generation as pattern description-Recognition of syntactic description-Parsing-Stochastic grammar and applications-Graph based structural representation. Feature Extension and Recent Advances: Entropy minimization - Karhunen-Loeve transformation-Neural Network structures for pattern recognition-Unsupervised learning -self organizing networks-Fuzzy pattern classifiers-Genetic algorithmsApplication to pattern recognition. Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Biometric system: Biometric behavioral features and physical features, person identification system. Computer Vision: Definition, Image formation in the eye and the camera, Geometric camera models and calibration, color and color models, early level vision – edge/object/shape detection, motion, mid level vision – segmentation and tracking, model based vision. References: 1. E.G. Richard, Johnsonbaugh and S. Jost : 2. R.O. Duda and P.E. Hart : 3. Morton Nadler and P. Eric Smith Tou and R. Gonzaler : 4. : Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., NewDelhi110001,1999 Pattern classification and Scene analysis, Wiley, New York, 1973 Pattern Recognition Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1993 Pattern Recognition Principles, Addison Wesley, 1974 5 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi 5. Robert J. Schalkoff : 6. Melanie Mitchell : 7. 8. B. Yegnanarayana David A Forsyth, Jean Ponce, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd. : : Pattern Recognition: Statistical and Neural Approaches, John Wesley & Sons Inc., NewYork,1992. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi,1998 Artificial Neural Networks “Computer Vision” A modern Approach CSE 502: Advanced Networking and Network Security Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Overview of networking: Network architecture, planning and designing networks, Protocols, TCP/IP, IPv6, Agent. Ad hoc network architecture and protocols: Blue Tooth, IEEE802.11; Voice-over-IP, Combination of IP and ATM Technologies: Classical IP-over-ATM, LAN emulation. Concepts and principles of client-server architecture, networks, and distributed computing. Client/Server and Distributed Computing: Network management and programming in a network environment: programming with sockets in UNIX and Windows or client-server model, including IPC, RPC, the role of the GUI and front-end development tools, middleware, two-tier and three-tier architectures, operating systems, and database interaction. The role of standards in client-server development, including DCE, CORBA, ODBC, COM, and OLE, along with object-oriented aspects of client-server and distributed computing. Security: Concepts and principles of system and data security. Risks and vulnerabilities, policy formation, controls and protection methods, database security, encryption, authentication technologies, host-based and network-based security issues, personnel and physical security issues, issues of law and privacy. Firewall design and implementation, secure Internet and intranet protocols, and techniques for responding to security breaches. References: 1. 2. 3. Coulouris, Jean Dollimore, Tim Kindberg Amjad Umar, Piscataway, New Jersey : Dieter Gollmann : : Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design, ISBN: 0201619180; Edition: 3rd, 2000; Publisher: Addison Wesley Longman Inc Object-Oriented Client/Server Internet Environments, Author: Edition: 1st Edition; ISBN: 0-13-375544-4 Computer Security; ISBN: 0-471-97844-2; Edition: 1999, Publisher: John Wiley and Son Ltd 6 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 4. Edward Amoroso : 5. W. Stallings : 6. : 7. E. Biham and A. Shamir D.Denning 8. N.Kobliz : : Fundamentals of Computer Security Technology, ISBN: 0-13-108929-3; Publisher: Prentice Hall Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1999 Diffential Crypt analysis of the data encryption standard, Springer Verlag, 1993 Cryptography and data security, Addison Wesley, 1982 A course on Number theory and Cryptography, Springer Verlag, 1994. CSE 503: Data Mining and Warehousing Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Data Mining Introduction Data mining-introduction-information and production factor - Data mining Vs Query tools - Data mining in marketing - self learning computer systems - Concepts learning - Data learning - Data mining and the data warehouse. Knowledge Discovery Process Knowledge discovery process - data selection - cleaning - Enrichment - Coding preliminary analysis of the data set using traditional query tools - Visualization techniques - OLAP tools - Decision trees – Association rules - Neutral networks Genetics algorithms - KDD (Knowledge Discover in Databases) environment. Data Warehouse - Architecture Data warehouse architecture - System process - Process architecture - Design Database schema – partitioning strategy - Aggregations - Data marting - Meta data system and data warehouse process managers. Hardware And Operational Design Hardware and operational design of data warehouse - Hardware architecture - Physical layout - Security -Backup and recovery - Service level agreement - Operating the data warehouse. Planning, Tuning and Testing Capacity planning - Tuning the data warehouse - testing the data warehouses - Data warehouse features. References: 1. 2. Pieter Adriaans, Dolf Zantinge Sam Anahory, Dennis Murray : Data Mining, Addison Wesley, 1996 : Data Warehousing in the real world, Addison Wesley, 1996 7 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi CSE 504: Embedded Systems Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Embedded System: Introduction to embedded systems, Example, Typical Hardware needs of a software Engineer, Timing Diagrams, Memory Advanced Hardware, DMA, Interrupts, Built-ins on the Microprocessor, Schematics Interrupt and shared data problem, interrupt latency Survey of Software architectures, Round Robin, Function queues scheduling architecture, real time operating system architecture. Semaphore and shared data Embedded software development tools. Microcontroller programming: Architecture of microcontroller of 8051 family, programming model, register, Instruction set, Enhanced 8051 Features, Application Design.. Hardware description using VHDL/Verilog HDL: Dataflow, Behavioral, structural, mixed style of design, Language Elements, Compiler directives, Value set, data types, Expressions Gate level Modeling, MOS Switches, Master slave flip flop example, user defined primitives, sequential and combinational UDP Models Data flow model, Timing controls, block statement, procedural assignments, looping, handshaking example Structural Models, ports, tasks, functions, display and file I/O tasks Verification, Test bench examples, Modeling synchronous logic, shift registers References: 1. 2. 3. 4. Donovan J Bhaskar Samir Palnitkar David E Simon : : : : 5. 6. Douglas Perry Kenneth J. Ayata Myke Predko : : 7. : Systems Programming, McGraw-Hill, 1987 A VHDL Primer, BS Publications Verilopg HDL, Pearson An Embedded Software Premier, Pearson Education Asia VHDL, Tata McGraw Hill Edition The 8051 Microcontroller, Thomson and Delmar Learning Programming and Customizing 8051 Microcontroller, McGraw-Hill CSE 505: Advanced Web Engineering Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 ASP.NET programming model, Web development in Microsoft Visual Studio .NET, Anatomy of an ASP.NET page, ASP.NET core server controls, ADO.NET data 8 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 providers, ADO.NET data containers, The data-binding model, report design using crystal report, Master page, user role, linq, website security, DAL , BLL, SQL server. PHP: dealing with forms, HTTP authentication with PHP, cookies, sessions, using remote files, persistent database connections, smarty, mambo, joomla, ADODB. Ajax, XML, DOM, WML. References: 1. 2. Dino Esposito Matt J. Crouch : : 3. Jesus Castagnetto,Harish Rawat, Sascha Schumann, Chris Scollo and Deepak Veliath Leon Atkinson : 4. : Programming Microsoft ASP.NET 2.0 ASP.NET and VB.NET web programming Professional PHP Programming, Wrox Publications Core PHP Programming, Prentice Hall PTR Optional Courses CSE 506: Human Computer Interaction Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Foundations: The human: introduction, input-output channels, human memory, reasoning and problem solving, Psychology and the design of interactive systems. The computer: introduction, text entry devices, positioning, pointing and drawing devices, display devices, devices for virtual reality and 3D interaction, physical controls, sensors and special devices, paper printing and scanning, Memory. The Interaction: introduction, models of interaction, terms of interaction, the execution evaluation cycle, the interaction framework, ergonomics: - arrangement of controls and displays, the physical environment of interaction, health issues, the use of color, different types of interaction styles, element of WIMP interface. Paradigms: introduction, paradigms for interaction. Design Process: Interaction design basics: introduction, what is design, the process of design, user focus, scenarios, navigation design, screen design and layout, iteration and prototyping. HCI in the software process: introduction, the software life cycle, usability engineering, interactive design and prototyping, design rationale. Design rules: introduction, principles to support usability, standards, guidelines, golden rules and heuristics, HCI patterns. 9 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi Implementation support: introduction, elements of windowing systems, programming the application, using toolkits, user interface management system. Universal design: introduction, universal design principles, multi-modal interaction, designing for diversity. Models and Theories: Cognitive models: introduction, goal and task hierarchies, linguistic models, the challenge of display-based systems, physical and device models, and cognitive architectures. Socio-organizational Issues and stakeholders Requirements: organizational issues, and capturing requirements. introduction, Communication and collaboration models: introduction, face communication, conversation, text-based communication, group working to face Task Analysis: introduction, task decomposition, knowledge based analysis, entityrelationship based technique, sources of information and data collection, uses of task analysis. Dialog notation and design: what is dialog, dialog design notations, diagrammatic notations, textual dialog notation, dialog semantics, dialog analysis and design. Application Areas: Groupware: introduction, groupware systems, computer mediated communication, meeting and decision support systems, shared applications and artifacts, framework for groupware, implementing synchronous groupware. CSCW and social issues: introduction, face-to-face communication, conversation, text-based communication, and organizational issues. Hypertext, multimedia and the World Wide Web: introduction, understanding hypertext, finding things, web technology and issues, static web content, dynamic web content. References: 1. : 2. Dix, Finlay, Abowd & Beale Ben Shneiderman 3. Suchman : 4. Newman and Lamming Monk & Wright : 5. : : Human Computer Interaction, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall Designing the user Interface: Strategies for Effective Human Computer Interaction, ISBN: 074840-762-6, Addison-Wesley, 3rd Edition, 1998 Plans and Situated Action: The Problem of Human - Machine Communication, Cambridge University Press, 1987 Interactive Systems Design, Addison Wesley, 1995 Improving Your Human-Computer Interface, Prentice Hall, 1993 10 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 6. Jordan, Patrick : Introduction to Usability, ISBN: 0-74840-762-6, Taylor and Francis, Levittown, PA, 1998 (Paperback) CSE 507: Advanced Software Engineering Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Introduction and review: Software quality assurance – quality, quality plan, quality metric, validation & verification, Introduction to ISO-90000 practices for Software Quality Assurance Software Testing – Purpose, test case and expected output, test coverage, testing of various areas: unit, domain, path, equivalent class based portion, component, aggregation, system testing, requirement based testing, acceptance testing. Test reporting, bug fixing, regression and stress testing, testing for performance, security, installation recovery, configuration sensitivity capture/reply, report data base, test automation. Software project Management-Software, metrics estimation, planning, software tools, change management and version release assessment, software valuation. Software Maintenance – Maintainability, documentation to facilitate maintenance, reverse engineering. Software reuse – measuring software reuse, reuse matrices, economic model, life cycle & reuse assessment for continuing corporate business activity. Industrial practice in Software Engineering – software integration, systems installation/generation, and commissioning including parameter tuning for various end users, training by software developers to the marketing & customer support services personnel, ISO-9000 Certified Quality Assurance Program. References: 1. Wilson : Software Architecture: Prospective on an Emerging Discipline CSE 508: Computer Animation and Virtual Reality Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Computer Animation Introduction Perception, The Heritage of Animation: Early Devices, The Early Days of "Conventional" Animation, Disney, Contributions of Others, Other Media for Animation, Principles of Animation, Principles of Filmmaking; Animation Production: Computer Animation Production Tasks, Digital Editing, Digital Video; A Brief History of Computer Animation. 11 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi Technical Background Spaces and Transformations: The Display Pipeline, Homogeneous Coordinates and the Transformation Matrix, Compound Transformation: Concatenating Transformation Matrices, Basic Transformations, Representing an Arbitrary Orientation, Extracting Transformations from a Matrix, Description of Transformations in the Display Pipeline, Round-off error considerations; Orientation Representation: Fixed Angle Representation, Euler Angle Representation, Angle and Axis Representation; Interpolation and Basic Techniques: Interpolation: The appropriate function: Controlling the motion along curve, Computing Arc length, Speed control, ease-in/ease-out, General distance time functions, Path following: Orientation along path, Smoothing a path, Determining a path along a surface; Key frame systems, Animation Languages: Artist oriented animation language, Articulation variables, Graphical languages, Actor based animation languages; Deforming objects: Warping an object, Coordinate grid deformation, Morphing (2D): coordinate grid approach, feature based approach; 3D shape interpolation. Advanced Algorithms: Automatic camera control, Hierarchical kinematics modeling: Representing hierarchical models, Forward kinematics, local coordinate frames, Inverse kinematics, Rigid body simulation: Bodies in free fall, Bodies in contract; Enforcing soft and hard constraints: Flexible objects, virtual springs, energy minimization, space time constraints: Controlling groups of objects: particle system, flocking behavior, Autonomous behavior; Implicit Surface; Virtual Reality Basics of Designing Virtual Reality Systems Introduction: What Is Virtual Reality? Goals and Applications of Virtual Reality, Pillars of VR: Presence and 3D Multimodal Interaction Building a Virtual Reality System Requirements Engineering and Storyboarding, Ship Simulator Design, Object and Scene Modeling: Object Modeling, Scene Construction, Object Placement, Multiple Frames of Reference, Re-Expressing Coordinates, Function and Behavior Modeling, Ship Simulator Example Revisited Putting It All Together: Ship Simulator, Level 2 Design, Performance Estimation and System Tuning, Tuning with LOD Models, Presence/Special Effects, Using Images and Textures. References: 1. Rick Parent : Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques Publisher: MKP (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers) 12 M.Sc. Syllabus, Session: 2009-2010 2. Gerard Jounghyun Kim : 3. Alan Watt and Mark Watt Howard Rheingold : 4. Designing Virtual Reality Systems: The Structured Approach Publisher: Springer Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques : Virtual Reality: The Revolutionary Technology of Computer-Generated Artificial Worlds CSE 509: Robotics and Computer Vision Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Robotics manipulation direct kinematics: The arm equation, inverse Kinematics: Solving the arm equation, work space analysis and trajectory planning differential motion and static manipulator dynamics, robot control, task planning. Relationship between image and world structure, image representation, segmentation, pattern perspective transformation, camera calibration, shape analysis, object recognition and picture languages. References: 1. Robert J Schillin : Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis and Control CSE 510: Decision Support System Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Introduction to Decision support system (DSS), Decision making models, Under-layer framework for DSS, Hardware and Software for DSS, Use of decision tools. Developments of DSS, issues of model management and interface design, DSS applications: Executive information system (EIS), Computer mediated communication within an organization and special aspects. References: 1. 2. 3. Bonczek R. H, Holsapple C. W. & Whinston A. B Moove J. H. & Change M. G. Cadson E. D. : Foundations of Decision Support System : : Design of Decision Support Systems An Approach for Designing Decision Support Systems CSE 511: Knowledge Engineering Lecture: 45 (Hours), Credit:3, Full Marks: 75 Knowledge Engineering Basic Knowledge Representation and Utilization: Production Systems (PS), Semantic Networks, Frames, Logic, Object-Oriented Paradigm, Logic Programming, Neural nets. Incomplete Knowledge and Non-Monotonic Logic. 13 Dept. of CSE, University of Rajshahi Uncertain Knowledge: Bayesian Probability Theory, Dempster-Shafer Theory, Fuzzy Set Theory. Application Diagnosis. Knowledge Acquisition and Machine Learning: Problems of and Approaches to Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Acquisition Support Systems, Machine Learning. Meta - reasoning and Meta-knowledge. Knowledge System Development Environment: Al languages, Shells. References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Aleksander, H. Morton (1990) P. Hayes Roth, A. Waterman and B. Lenat (1983) A. Barr and E. A. Feigenbaum P. Harmon and D. King, (1985) Kowalski (1979) J. W. Lloyd (1984) C.V. Negoita (1985) M . R. Genesereth, N. T. Nilsson (1987) Indea Pearl (1988) : An Introduction to Neural Computing : Building Expert Systems : The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Vols. I-IV Expert Systems: Artificial Intelligence in Business Logic for Problem Solving Foundation of Logic Programming Expert Systems and Fuzzy Systems Logical Foundation of AL : : : : : : Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference 14