Download Science 9 Final Exam Outline- June 2016 Part 1: Concepts Chapter

Science 9 Final Exam Outline- June 2016
Part 1: Concepts
Chapter 1 Atomic theory explains the
composition and behaviour of matter.
Safe practice in the science laboratory includes
knowledge of hazards, awareness of safe
procedures during lab work, and the ability to take
action to correct a problem. (1.1)
Warning labels and WHMIS labels identify
materials that are risky. (1.1)
The kinetic molecular theory describes matter
as made up of tiny particles in constant motion.
(1.2)
A pure substance is made of one kind of
substance and can be either an element or a
compound. (1.2)
Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by
electrons, which exist in specific electron shells first
discovered by Niels Bohr. (1.3)
Chapter 2 Elements are the building blocks of
matter.
Each element contains only one kind of atom,
and all other forms of matter are made from
combinations of these atoms and elements. (2.1)
The periodic table lists the elements in order of
increasing atomic number, arranged into families
according to their properties. (2.2)
In the periodic table, metals are on the left side,
non-metals are on the right, and metalloids form a
diagonal line near the right side. (2.2)
Electrons can be pictured as arranged in shells
in a specific pattern around the nucleus. (2.3)
Elements in the same chemical family have the
same number of valence electrons in their
outermost occupied electron shell. (2.3)
A Bohr model diagram shows the arrangement
of electrons in a specific pattern around the
nucleus. (2.3)
Chapter 3 Elements combine to form
compounds.
A compound is a pure substance made up of
two or more different elements in which the atoms
are connected. (3.1)
In covalent compounds, atoms join together by
sharing electrons, whereas in ionic compounds,
oppositely charged ions attract each other. (3.1)
Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms joined to
each other by covalent bonds and to other ions by
electrical attraction. (3.1)
In an ionic compound with only two elements,
the first ion is always a positive metal ion, and the
second ion is always a negative non-metal ion.
(3.2)
A multivalent metal can form an ion in more
than one way. Its name includes a Roman numeral
to indicate the positive ion charge. (3.2)
Chemical changes produce new substances
with new properties, whereas physical changes do
not change the identity of a substance. (3.3)
Chapter 4 The nucleus controls the functions of
life.
Chromosomes found within the nucleus contain
the genes that store the information to make
proteins. (4.1)
Proteins control the activities of cells. (4.1)
A gene mutation is a change in the order of the
A, G, C, and T bases. (4.2)
Gene mutations can have a positive, negative,
or neutral effect on the individual. (4.2)
Mutations can occur when DNA is being made
or can be caused by mutagens. (4.2)
Gene therapy attempts to correct gene
mutations. (4.2)
Chapter 5 Mitosis is the basis of asexual
reproduction.
There are three stages to the cell cycle:
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. (5.1)
There are four phases to mitosis: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. (5.1)
An error in a checkpoint protein can cause
diseases such as cancer, which is the result of
uncontrolled cell division. (5.1)
Asexual reproduction requires only one parent,
and the resulting offspring are genetically identical
to the parent. (5.2)
Types of asexual reproduction include: binary
fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative
reproduction, and spore formation. (5.2)
Human-assisted plant and animal cloning
methods can be used to save the genetic
information of endangered species or to produce an
organism with a desired trait. (5.2)
Chapter 6 Meiosis is the basis of sexual
reproduction.
Meiosis produces gametes with half the number
of chromosomes as body cells. (6.1)
In meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs line
up at the equator, separate, and then move to
opposite poles of the cell. (6.1)
In meiosis II, chromosomes move to the equator
and sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the
cell. (6.1)
The process of meiosis creates variation in
organisms because genetic information is shuffled
during meiosis I. (6.1)
Chromosome mutations can occur during
meiosis and can cause genetic disorders. (6.1)
For sexually reproducing plants and animals,
there are two ways for a sperm cell and an egg cell
to meet—through either internal or external
fertilization. (6.2)
The early development of an organism takes
place during a stage called embryonic
development. (6.2)
Chapter 7 Static charge is produced by electron
transfer.
Static charge is electric charge that is held in
one place. (7.1)
An atom or material becomes charged when
electrons transfer into it or out of it. (7.1)
Insulators keep charges in one place, whereas
conductors allow charges to move more easily.
(7.1)
Like charges repel. Opposite charges attract.
Neutral objects are attracted to charged objects.
(7.2)
Electric force is a force at a distance. Electric
force can be increased by increasing the amount of
charge on objects and by decreasing the distance
between charged objects. (7.2)
Chapter 8 Ohm’s law describes the relationship
of current, voltage, and
resistance.
Unlike charges gain electric potential energy
when they are moved farther apart. (8.1)
Voltage (potential difference) is the change in
potential energy per coulomb of charge. (8.1)
Electrical energy depends on the amount of
charge and the voltage. (8.1)
Current electricity is the continuous flow of
charge in a complete circuit. (8.2)
Ohm’s law states that the electrical resistance of
the circuit is the ratio of the voltage to the
current.(8.3)
Chapter 9 Circuits are designed to control the
transfer of electrical energy.
The current is the same in each part of a series
circuit, and each load uses a portion of the same
voltage. (9.1)
The current in each part of a parallel circuit
depends on the resistance of that path. (9.1)
When resistors are placed in series, the total
resistance of the circuit increases. When resistors
are placed in parallel, the total resistance
decreases. (9.1)
Electric power (P=VI ) is the rate at which
electric potential energy is transformed. (9.2)
Power consumption multiplied by time of use
equals the amount of electrical energy used by a
device. (9.2)
Chapter 10 Scientific evidence suggests the
universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago.
The universe is believed to have formed about
13.7 billion years ago in a moment of sudden, rapid
expansion. This is the Big Bang theory of the
universe’s formation. (10.1)
A shift in the spectra of galaxies shows that all
galaxies are moving away from each other. (10.1)
Galaxies have many different shapes and
characteristics. (10.2)
Chapter 11 The components of the universe are
separated by unimaginably vast distances.
Stars go through different stages in their life
cycles. (11.1)
A shift toward the red part of the spectrum
indicates a star is moving away from Earth. (11.1)
The Sun is the centre of our solar system, and
eight planets revolve around it. (11.2)
Earth spins, or rotates, on its axis as it revolves
around the Sun. (11.2)
Distances between stars and galaxies are
measured in light-years. (11.3)
Triangulation and parallax are techniques used
to calculate distances to stars. (11.3)
Chapter 12 Human understanding of Earth and
the universe continues to increase through
observation and exploration.
Models of the solar system have improved as
better technology has been developed. (12.1)
Seasons are created by Earth’s tilt and
revolution. (12.1)
Technology extends humankind’s ability to
explore space. (12.3)
Part 2: Terms to Know
Chapter 1
o Atom
o changes of state
o chemical change
o electron
o element
o hazard symbol
o mass
o neutron
o nucleus
o physical change
o proton
o pure substance
o safety scenario
o state
o subatomic particle
o WHMIS
Chapter 4
o cell
o chromosome
o DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid)
o DNA bases
o gene
o gene mutation
o gene therapy
o mutagen
o negative mutation
o neutral mutation
o nucleus
o organelles
o positive mutation
o tissue
Chapter 2
o alkali metals
o atomic mass
o atomic number
o Bohr model
o chemical symbol
o electron shell
o family/group
o metal
o metalloid
o multiple ion
charge
o noble gases
o non-metal
o period
o valence electron
o valence shell
Chapter 5
o asexual
reproduction
o binary fission
o budding
o cancer
o cell cycle
o checkpoint
proteins
o fragmentation
o interphase
o mitosis
o replication
Chapter 3
o chemical formula
o chemical name
o covalent
compound
o ion
o ionic compound
o multivalent metal
o polyatomic ion
o Roman numeral
Chapter 6
o body cell
o diploid number
o external
fertilization
o gametes
o internal
fertilization
o meiosis
o sex cell/gametes
o stem cell research
Chapter 7
o charging by
induction
o conductors
o electrons
o grounding
o insulators
o laws of static
charge
o static charge
o storm safety
Chapter 8
o amperes
o circuit diagrams
o current electricity
o electric circuit
o electric current
o electric load
o electrical
resistance
o energy
o ohm
o Ohm’s law
o resistance
o resistor
o volt
o voltage
Chapter 9
o electrical power
o kilowatt-hour
o parallel circuit
o power
o power rating
o series circuit
o watt
Chapter 10
o Big Bang theory
o celestial bodies
o elliptical galaxy
o galaxy formation
o Dr. Hubble
o irregular galaxy
o nebula
o red shift
o spiral galaxy
Chapter 11
o asteroid
o axis
o black hole
o comet
o fusion
o light-year
o parallax
o revolution
o seasons
o rotation
o solar system
o star life cycles
o Sun
o sunspot
o supernova
o triangulation
o white dwarf
Chapter 12
o axis tilt
o geosynchronous
orbit
o lunar eclipse
o meteorite
o optical telescope
o solar eclipse
o spinoff technology
o terraforming
o tides