Download Subjects and Predicates - Belle Vernon Area School District

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Subjects and Predicates
Grades Seven
What is a Sentence?
• A sentence is a group of words that
contains two things:
– A subject (the doer of the action)
– A verb (the action or condition)
• A sentence must express a complete
thought.
What is a Sentence?
• This is a complete
sentence.
The elephant played.
The verb is “played.” This
is an action verb.
The subject is “elephant”
because it is doing the
playing.
What is a Sentence?
• This is not a
complete sentence.
Ex. Building a sandcastle.
The verb is “building.”
In this sentence no one is doing this action;
therefore, there is no subject.
What is a Fragment?
A fragment is a group of words that is not a
complete sentence. It contains some of the
elements needed to make a sentence, but not all
three parts.
A fragment may contain a subject but not a verb.
Ex. The man on the street
A fragment may contain a verb but no subject.
Ex. Walking down the street
A fragment may contain a subject and a verb,
but it may not be a complete thought.
Ex. While the man was walking down the
street
The Predicate
• Predicate is a fancy word for “verb.” That means
that a predicate can include:
1. action verbs
2. linking verbs
3. verbs of condition
4. helping verbs
• To find the predicate in the sentence, look for
any verbs that you have learned.
The Complete Predicate
• The complete predicate begins with the first verb
and includes all words following it. The actual
verb or verb phrase is called the simple
predicate.
Ex. The tall girls played a game of basketball.
The verb is an action verb. It is “played.”
That makes it the simple predicate.
Everything that follows “played” is a part of the
complete predicate. That means it includes the
words “played a game of basketball.”
The Compound Predicate
• A compound predicate would contain more than one
main verb. Compounds are connected by conjunctions
such as and, but, or, for, nor, yet, or so.
– Ex. I first walked and then ran down the street.
(“Walked” is one main verb and “ran” is another.)
– Ex. I have seen the film and enjoyed it.
(“Have seen” is one verb and “enjoyed” is another.)
– Ex. I have seen the movie.
(This sentence Does NOT contain a compound predicate. “Have
seen” is one verb phrase. “Seen” is the only main verb.)
The Subject
• The subject of the sentence must be a:
1. noun (person, place, or thing)
2. pronoun ( a word that takes the place of
a person, place, or thing.)
• The subject is called the “doer” of the
action.
The Subject
• To find the subject of the sentence you must:
1. Find the verb
2. Ask “who?” or “what?” before it
Ex. Mary threw the ball.
Step one – Find the verb. It is “threw.”
Step two – Ask “who?’” or “what?”
before it. “Who threw?”
The answer is “Mary; therefore, “Mary”
is the subject of the sentence.
The Subject
• Try to find this subject:
Ex. On the table lay a pencil.
Step one – find the verb. It is “lay.”
Step two – Ask “who?” or “what?”
before it. Who lay? What lay? The
answer is “pencil; therefore, pencil is
the subject of the sentence.
The Complete Subject
• The complete subject includes all words up until the verb
begins. Within the complete subject, there will be the
main subject called a simple subject.
Ex. The tall girls played a game.
The verb is “played,” so you would divide directly in front of
“played.” That means the complete subject includes the words
“The tall girls.”
Within these words is the simple subject which tells who actually
played. The simple subject is “girls” since it answered the
question, “Who played?”
The Compound Subject
• A compound subject would contain more than
one “doer” of the action. Often they are
connected by conjunctions such as and, but, or,
for, nor, yet, or so.
Ex. The boys and the girls saw the play.
(Both “boys” and “girls” answer the question of
“Who saw?” That means both of them are
subjects of this sentence. They are compound.)
Sentence Order
• Natural order means that the subject comes
before the verb in the sentence.
– Ex. A horse ran in the field.
(Subject – horse Verb – ran)
• Inverted order means that the subject does NOT
come before the verb in the sentence.
– Ex. In the field ran a horse.
(Subject – horse Verb – ran)
Sentence Order - Questions
• In a question that contains a single verb, the subject may
be an interrogative pronoun if that pronoun would be
taking the place of the answer to the question.
Ex. Who is speaking?
(The verb is “is speaking.” Would the answer to the
question tell who is speaking? Yes, it would. That
means the pronoun which takes that noun’s place is your
subject.
“Who” is an interrogative pronoun replacing that person’s
name. “Who” is your subject.
Sentence Order - Questions
• In a question that contains a verb phrase,
typically a verb phrase splits apart and the
subject is located between the parts of the verb.
Ex. Have you talked to your Mom?
(The verb phrase is “Have talked.” In
between those two words is the word “you.”
Does “you” tell who talked? Yes, it does.
That means that “you” is the subject of the
sentence.)
Sentence Order - Commands
• A command tells you to do something. These are called
imperative sentences.
• The subject of every command in the English language
is the word “you.”
– Ex. Close the door.
(“You” is the subject.)
– Ex. Open the window.
(“You” is the subject.)
– Ex. Answer me!
(“You” is the subject.)
Sentence Order - Expletives
• Expletives are words that have no meaning. They serve no purpose
in a sentence.
• The words “there” and “here” in the beginning of a sentence are
usually expletives since they are not needed in the sentence.
• “There” and “here” will never be subjects of a sentence. Sentences
that have these words at the beginning have inverted order. Their
subjects will come later in the sentence.
– Ex. Here are the pencils.
(“Pencils” is the subject.)
– Ex. There are fourteen lines in a sonnet.
( “Lines” is the subject.)
This completes the review of
subjects and predicates.
Additional review can be done
in the review folders housed in
106 and the library.