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Rock and Roll: Musical Elements What is Music? • The Art of Sound in time • Sounds and silences arranged in temporal framework • Defined by certain parameters or characteristics Characteristics of Art • • • • • • Line Foreground Background Composition Colors Style characteristics Musical Characteristics • • • • • Stylistic influences Foreground = melody, prominent sounds Background = harmony or accompaniment Composition = form Color = tone color, sound of particular instruments Unique characteristics of music • How sounds deployed through time = rhythm • How quickly or slowly piece moves = tempo • How many sounds happening at once = texture • How loud or soft = dynamics Pitch • A musical sound; a note • Each pitch has unique sound depending how it is produced = tone color – Vocals – Instruments • Effects • Guitar effects Rhythm • Regulates movement of music through time • Basic unit = beat – Regular pulse heard in most music • Organized in measures or bars Measure or Bar • Group of beats • Number of beats in a measure is determined by the time signature (aka meter) • In popular music, usually 4 Melody • Dominant musical line • Contains main musical ideas of piece – Motive = short, distinct figure – Riff = motive with a distinct rhythm that repeats throughout piece • In popular music, usually the vocal line • Or solo instrument Harmony • Sounds that provide support for a melody • Chord - simultaneous sounding of 3 or more notes • Most common in pop music = triad – Three notes – First, third, fifth notes of a scale • Ex. C D E F G A B C –1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Harmonic progression – sequence of chords that define the key Key • • • • Scale upon which the piece is built Pattern of half and whole steps Important notes: tonic (1st) and dominant (5th) Melodies frequently return to the tonic Basic Chord Progression • I - tonic - built on the first note of the scale • VI • IV - subdominant - built on the fourth • V - dominant - built on the fifth •I