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CH 13 RENAISSANCE &
REFORMATION
1300-1650
The Renaissance Bell Ringer 11/30
The Renaissance began in Western Europe
around the 1300s & peaked around 1500.
What was it?
 Answer in 3 full sentences.


If you have no idea (don’t worry, we’re about
to cover it), it came at the end of the middle
ages and the word renaissance itself is
French for “Rebirth”.
What was the Renaissance?
Time of creativity & great change
 Agricultural
Urban society
 Revived interest in the classical learning

Rome

Medieval
Scholars focused on
religion
Renaissance
Scholars explored
richness of human
experience,
The here & now
The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end
to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance
The rise of cities
brought artists
together which led
to new techniques
& styles of art
Increased trade gave rise
Wealthy bankers &
to Italian city-states &
merchants wanted to
a wealthy middle class show off their new status
of bankers & merchants
by commissioning art
The most important Italian city-state was Florence;
In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began
Florence was home to
the Medici family, the
wealthiest & most powerful
bankers in Europe
The Medici used their
wealth to commission
art for themselves &
to beautify Florence
Humanism



Intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance
Focused on education & the classics
Emphasized humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, &
history)
Importance of the
human (creativity,
individuals) not just
the divine
New styles & techniques of Renaissance art
Realism & emotion
 Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome
 Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people
 Geometric
The first nude paintings &
arrangements
sculptures since the Romans
 Perspective
 Using light & shadows

Greek
Renaissance
Renaissance
Artists
Donatello

1386-1466
Donatello was the 1st great
sculptor of the Renaissance
Donatello revived the
classical (Greco-Roman)
style of sculpture that was
realistic & could be viewed
from all sides
Donatello’s “David” was the
1st large, free-standing
human sculpture of the
Renaissance
Michelangelo

1475-1564
Michelangelo was one
of the most famous
Renaissance artists:
He was a painter,
sculptor, architect,
& poet
His sculptures &
paintings showed
realism, detail of
the human body, &
expression to show
personality & emotion
Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David”
are considered masterpieces
Michelangelo’s
greatest work is
the 130 ft x 44 ft
ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
which shows
Biblical images
of amazing detail,
power, & beauty
Leonardo da Vinci

1452-1519
“Renaissance Man”
He was a painter &
sculptor
His art was known for
incredible realism & emotion
He was also an inventor
& scientist whose sketches
reveal observations about
human anatomy & new
engineering technology
His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with
the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial
expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece
Leonardo da Vinci’s
greatest masterpiece
was the “Mona Lisa”
which was known for
its emotion & depth
Vitruvian Man
Raphael

1483-1520
Raphael “perfected”
Renaissance painting
He improved perspective and
realism by studying Leonardo
& Michelangelo
Raphael became the favorite
painter of the Pope because
of his amazing detailed
paintings showing
a combination of famous
Greeks & Romans along with
Renaissance people
Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens”
which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome
with important people from the Renaissance
Plato (drawn to
look like Da Vinci)
Aristotle
Raphael
Pythagoras
Michelangelo
Euclid
The
Northern
Renaissance
As these ideas spread, this
“Northern Renaissance”
developed its own
characteristics
The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars &
merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states
The Renaissance in
France was most
known for its unique
architecture
The Renaissance in
England was most
known for literature,
especially the plays of
William Shakespeare
The Renaissance in the Netherlands
was most known for realism in art
Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck
Guess if the following
pieces of art (A-F) are:
Renaissance
or
Medieval
A
B
C
D
E
F
Florentine Niccolo Machiavelli


Italian historian, writer, scholar
Wrote “The Prince”
A


1469-1527
guide for rulers on how to gain & keep power
Use what ever means necessary
Is it better to be loved or feared?
“…is it better to be loved than feared, or vise
versa? I don’t doubt that every prince would like
to be both; but since it is hard to accommodate
these qualities, if you have to make a choice, to
be feared is much safer than to be loved. For it is
a good general rule about men, that they are
ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, fearful of
danger & greedy for gain.”
Florentine Niccolo Machiavelli


Italian historian, writer, scholar
Wrote “The Prince”
A


1469-1527
guide for rulers on how to gain & keep power
Use what ever means necessary
Is it better to be loved or feared?
“…is it better to be loved than feared, or vise
versa? I don’t doubt that every prince would like
to be both; but since it is hard to accommodate
these qualities, if you have to make a choice, to
be feared is much safer than to be loved. For it is
a good general rule about men, that they are
ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, fearful of
danger & greedy for gain.”
Johann Gutenberg

Around 1440, invented a
printing press
Began a printing revolution
 Aided in the spread of the
Renaissance


Before, only a few thousand
books in all of Europe
Renaissance Writers

Sir Thomas More
 English
Humanist
 Utopia, described ideal society of peace & harmony

William Shakespeare
 1590-1613,
he wrote 37 plays
 His characters spoke in a language the common people
could understand
 More than1500 words appear for the first time in his
writings