Download 9 crusades 2016

Aim: What were the Crusades
and how did they have an
impact on the world?
Words of the day… (just like
Sesame Street): Catharsis and
Assassin
Causes
• Turks threaten the Byzantine Empire.
Byzantines ask the Pope for help.
• Pope Urban II gives his speech at
Clermont, 1095 AD.
What were
they? What
have you
already
learned?
Raise
your
hand.
Peoples Crusade, 1096
• Peter the Hermit, a RC monk, led an army
of 100,000 peasants and unskilled fighters
including women.
• Once they crossed into Anatolia from
Constantinople they were easily defeated.
And then executed or
circumcised and sold
into slavery.
German Crusade, 1096
• Rather than heading for Jerusalem a
German army of about 10,000 headed up
the Rhine Valley wiping out all Jewish
communities it encountered.
The Princes Crusade (The First
True Crusade) August, 1096
• Crusader army led by various Western
European nobles and accompanied by
thousands of knights.
• Crusaders entered Anatolia accompanied
by the Byzantines but soon broke their
alliance with them. This occurred after the
Byzantines accept Turkish surrender.
Princes Crusade, 1096
• Crusaders defeated the Turks and the Fatimids,
capturing Antioch in 1097 and Jerusalem in
1099.
• Crusaders establish several Crusader Kingdoms
including the Kingdom of Jerusalem and
establish the religious military orders of
• The Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaler
who are sworn to protect the “Holy Land.”
Crusades
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•
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•
Peoples Crusade, 1096
German Crusade, 1096
First, 1096
Second Crusade, 1147
Northern Crusades begin, last until 1500’s
Teutonic Knights invade Baltics, Eastern Europe, and
Russia
Saladin defeats Crusaders at Hattin, and captures
Jerusalem in 1187
• Third Crusade, 1187
Richard I, of England, “The Lionhearted” recaptures
much of the lost territory
• Fourth Crusade, 1202
Crusaders turn on Constantinople and sack the city in
1204
Crusades (Cont.)
• Albigensian Crusade (in France vs. the Cathars),
1209
• Children’s Crusade, 1212
All sold into slavery
● Fifth Crusade, 1219
● Sixth Crusade, 1228
● Seventh Crusade, 1243
● Shepherd’s Crusade, 1251
● Eighth Crusade, 1270
● Ninth Crusade, 1271
● Shepherds Crusade, 1320
● Catholic Crusades in Spain, reconquest, until
1492
Now… to start thinking…
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•
•
•
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How many Crusades took place?
When did they take place?
Where did they take place?
Who were attacked by Crusaders?
Why is the above font red?
• Use map on next page
Yet again
geography helps
us understand
history.
?
Impact of the Crusades…
more thinking
• How did the Crusades have an impact on
the world?
• Which were the most effective? How?
Why?
Yes…
we all know I am going
to provide the answers
on the next page.
However, I am also
taking note of your
participation and
thought processes
right now!
Think!
Raise your
hand.
Participate!
• Roman Catholic power temporarily
entrenched in Western Europe.
• Major Jewish pogroms in Europe.
• Constantinople, and the Byzantine Empire,
weakened.
• Re-conquest of Spain gains strength and
eventually completed.
• Northern Europe finally converted to
Christianity.
• Western European expansion into Eastern
Europe.
• Rise in radical
Islamic
fundamentalism
E.g.: Assassins.
• Long lasting fear of
“Crusaders” in the
Middle East.
• Settlement of
Western Europeans
in Middle East and
Caucasus.
Do Not wear this t-shirt
when on vacation in
Saudi Arabia.
What did the Crusades introduce
to Europe?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Banking system, Credit system
More complex use of money
(More) Spices and Sugar
(More) Silk and Cotton
Storytelling by a minstrel
Increased knowledge of Classical Greece and
Rome
• Increased questioning of Roman Catholicism
• Massive increase in trade with Arabs and an
increase in wealth of European Mediterranean
city states such as Venice and Genoa.