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CHAPTER 15
SECTION 1
AFTER THE WAR





Reconstruction- A period
in history where
Confederate states must
change to rejoin the U.S.
Economic
Political
Social
Social reconstruction involved
development of Social,
Economic and Political status
for African-Americans
EMANCIPATION
 Emancipation
Proclamation- Issued by
President Abraham Lincoln January1st,1863
 Texas didn’t consider themselves under U.S.
rule and ignored the proclamation.
 Gen. Gordon Granger travel on June 19th
1865, to Galveston and by authority of the
president, declared all slaves to be free
 June 19th celebrated as day of freedom in
Texas. “Juneteenth”
EMANCIPATION
 Freed
slaves were known as “Freedman”
 Many didn’t have jobs or homes, traveled
to cities for work. Established communities
known as “Freedtowns”
 Searched for family members
 Some stayed on plantations for a wage
 Sharecroppers
FREEDMAN’S BUREAU
 Created
by U.S. Congress, to help former
slaves faced new challenges of freedom.
 Food
 Shelter
 Medicine
 Finding Employment
 Representation in court system
 Major contribution in providing schools
for African-Americans, by 1870, 100
schools.
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
PLAN
PROVISIONS
Johnson’s
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their
succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4.
Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
CONSTITUTION OF 1866
 Texas
changed constitution back to the
way it was before secession and
cancelled all war debt, along with ending
slavery.
 Texas refused to ratify the thirteenth
amendment that made slavery illegal in
U.S.
 Texas also denied civil rights to AfricanAmericans
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
 Section
1. Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the United States, or
any place subject to their jurisdiction.
“BLACK CODES”
 African-Americans
assigned second class
citizens
 African-American men were not allowed:
 To vote
 Hold public office
 Serve on a jury
 Use same public transportation as whites
 Texas Homestead Law allowed free land
for citizens but excluded AfricanAmericans
CONGRESS’ REACTION
 Even
though President Johnson admitted
Texas back into Union, Congress did not.
 Congress held the power to admit states
to the union, rejected Texas.
 A group in Congress called the Radical
Republicans believed Congress should
control the reconstruction of the south.
James W.
Throckmorton
After moving to Texas with his
family in 1841, James W.
Throckmorton practiced
medicine and law before
being elected to the Texas
legislature. He fought against
secession alongside Sam
Houston prior to the Civil War
and was one of the
delegates who voted against
secession in 1861. After the
war, Throckmorton was
appointed governor of Texas,
but he was removed from
office the following year. He
later served as a Texas
representative in the U.S.
Congress.
CHAPTER 15
SECTIONS 2&3
Many Texans resisted the requirements of Reconstruction.
Others believed that Texans should do whatever was
needed to rejoin the Union as quickly as possible.
Texan John H. Reagan, former postmaster general
of the Confederacy, was put in prison in Boston
for several months after the Civil War. He wrote advice
to his fellow Texans from his prison cell in August 1865.
To the People of Texas:
. . . I take the liberty of suggesting to you . . .
to accept the present condition of things, as the result of war. . . .
The State occupies the condition of a conquered nation. State
government and State sovereignty are in abeyance, and will be
so until you adopt a government and policy acceptable to the
conquerors. A refusal to accede to these conditions would only
result in prolongation of the time during which you will be
deprived of a civil government of your own choice.
John H. Reagan, letter from prison, August 11, 1865
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
PLAN
PROVISIONS
Johnson’s
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their
succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge
loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical
Republicans
1.People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office
without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by
Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
 All
persons born or naturalized in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty,
or property, without due process of law; nor deny
to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
PLAN
Johnson’s
Radical
Republicans
PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their
succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge
loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office
without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by
Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional 1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2.
Divided 10 states into 5 military districts 3.
Required states to eliminate “Black Codes”
KU KLUX KLAN
 The
Klan’s goals were to restore Democratic
control of the South and to keep former slaves
powerless.The Klan attacked African Americans.
Often it targeted those who owned land or had
become wealthy. The Klan also attacked white
Republicans. Klan victims had little protection.
The Klan used threats and violence to prevent
African Americans from voting or registering to
vote. Despite their efforts, nearly 50,000 African
American men registered to vote in Texas. In
fact, ten elected delegates to the Constitutional
Convention of 1868–1869 were African
Americans.
CONSTITUTION OF 1869
 Declared
the constitution of U.S. as law.
 Guaranteed the right of all men to vote
regardless of race, color, or former
conditions
 Established the foundation for a public
school system
 Centralized system of law enforcement.
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
PLAN
Johnson’s
PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their
succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge
loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical
Republicans
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office
without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by
Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional
1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2. Divided
10 states into 5 military districts 3. Required states to
eliminate “Black Codes.”
Davis
1.Gave authority to declare martial law 2. Authority to
appoint individuals to public office 3.Created state police
force and militia.
TEXAS READMITTED TO UNION
 Fifteenth
Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any state on account of race, color,
or previous condition of servitude
RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
PLAN
Johnson’s
PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their
succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge
loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical
Republicans
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office
without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by
Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional
1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2. Divided
10 states into 5 military districts 3. Required states to
eliminate “Black Codes.”
Davis
1.Gave authority to declare Martial law 2. Authority to
appoint individuals to public office 3.Created state police
force and militia
1876
Constitution
1. Set aside land grants for education, railroads, and
homesteads 2. Allowed legislature to meet every other year 3.
Stripped governor & Lt. Governor of power.