Download Cardiothoracic Surgery

Cardiothoracic Surgery
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
What is cardiothoracic surgery?
Is it surgery involving heart?
Is it surgery involving lungs?
Or both?
+++ some more
Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Why valvotomy?
 Valvular stenosis
 Valve regurgitation
 Traumatic valvular injury
Main valves of the heart
What’s valve replacement
• Valve replacement is replacing the diseased/
injured valve by a prosthetic valve.
• Prosthetic valve maybe
 Artificial
 Natural – e.g. Humans, pigs
Some examples of prosthetic valves
How is it done
• By open heart surgery
or
• Minimally invasive radiographic procedures
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
Open heart surgery
Done when needed to repair a structure beyond
endocardium.
E.g. Valve replacement surgery
Trauma Surgery
Cardiac bypass surgery
Done to bypass an obstruction of the coronary
arterial system.
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
Correction of congenital heart
diseases
Common congenital heart diseases
 Atrial septal defect
 Ventricular septal defect
 Patent ductus arteriosus
 Coarctation of aorta
Atrial septal defect
• A persistent opening between two atria
Correction is done by placing an
umbrella devise in the septum by an
endoscopic procedure
Ventricular septal defect
• An opening between two ventricles
• Correction is done either by cardiac
catheterization or by open heart surgery
Patent ductus arteriosus
Correction is done by placing
a stent by an intracardiac
catheter.
Coarctation of aorta
•Correction is done by flap repair or
•End to end anastomosis of resection of narrowed segment
Repair of coarctation
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
Heart transplantation
• Cardiac transplantation is the procedure by
which the failing heart is replaced with
another heart from a suitable donor.
• The procedure is generally reserved for
patients with end-stage congestive heart
failure with a prognosis of less than a year to
live without the transplant and who are not
candidates for conventional medical therapy
or have not been helped by conventional
medical therapy.
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
Pacemakers
• Devices treat bradyarrhythmias and
tachyarrhythmias and any other abnormality
in cardiac rhythm.
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty
Coronary angioplasty and balloon
angioplasty
• A catheter is a thin, flexible tube which is
inserted into a coronary artery. The balloon at
the tip of the catheter is blown up at the
narrowed section of artery to force it wider. A
'stent' (a small tube) is left in place to keep the
artery widened.
Topics
• Valvotomy and valve replacement
• Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass
surgery
• Correction of congenital heart diseases
• Heart transplantation
• Pace maker implantation
• Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty