Download Bios 1310 Exam II Review Which layer consists of cardiac muscle

Bios 1310 Exam II Review
1. Which layer consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
a. Endocardium
b. Pericardium
c. Myocardium
d. Epicardium
2. Which of the following reduces heart rate?
a. Increased norepinephrine
b. Increased calcium levels
c. Increased thyroid hormone
d. Increased potassium
e. Increased sympathetic stimulation
3. Which of the following would increase stroke volume?
a. Increase preload, increased afterload, increased contractility
b. Increased preload increased afterload, decreased contractility
c. Decreased preload, increased afterload, decreased contractility
d. Increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility
4. The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute
is known as what?
a. Stroke volume
b. Cardiac output
c. Heart rate
d. Preload
5. The second heart sound represents which of the following events?
a. Closing of atrioventricular valves
b. Valvular stenosis
c. Mitral valve regurgitation
d. Closing of semilunar valves
6. Which of the below prevents blood from flowing back into the lungs?
a. Mitral valve
b. Aortic valve
c. Bicuspid valve
d. Pulmonic valve
7. A nurse listens to a patient’s heart sounds. S4 is present. What can the nurse
discern from this information?
a. The pt is a healthy athlete with increased lung capacity
b. The pt has mitral valve regurgitation
c. The pt has ventricular hypertrophy
d. The pt has atrial hypertrophy
8. Cardiac muscle fibers electrically connect to neighboring cardiac muscle
fibers via….
a. Desmosomes
b. Gap junctions
c. Contractile fibers
d. Chordae tendinae
9. If a patient’s heart rate is 45 bpm… what can the nurse assume?
a. The patient is tachycardic and the SA node is acting as pacemaker
b. The patient is bradycardic and the SA node is acting as pacemaker
c. The patient is tachycardic and the AV node is acting as pacemaker
d. The patient is bradycardic and the AV node is acting as pacemaker
10. True/False: Nodal cells have a stable resting membrane potential
11. Which of the following initiates sinus rhythm?
a. AV node
b. SA node
c. Perkinje fibers
d. Depolarization of cardiomyocytes
12. Which of the following is responsible for the plateau that occurs in cardiac
muscle cells?
a. Closing of the calcium channels; closing of potassium channels
b. Opening of sodium channels; opening of potassium channels
c. Opening of calcium channels; opening of potassium channels
d. Closing of sodium channels; closing of potassium channels
13. At which of the following locations is the action potential delayed during
electrical stimulation of the heart?
a. Purkinje fibers
b. Gap junctions
c. SA node
d. AV node
e. Bundle of His
14. Why is it important that cardiomyocytes have a longer refractory period than
skeletal muscle fibers?
a. To prevent hyperkalemia
b. To prevent summation and tetany
c. To increase the cardiac output
d. To prevent and increased afterload
15. How many electrodes will a 12 lead EKG have?
a. 4
b. 12
c. 6
d. 10
e. 8
16. Which of the following represents atrial repolarization on and EKG?
a. P wave
b. T wave
c. QRS complex
d. PQ segment
17. If a pt presents with an elevated ST segment on their EKG… what can the
nurse interpret from this?
a. The patient’s heart is ischemic
b. The patient is hypokalemic
c. The patient is having a heart attack
d. The patient has ventricular hypertrophy
18. During isovolumetric contraction which of the following is true?
a. Atrial pressure is greater then ventricular pressure
b. Ventricular pressure is greater then atrial pressure
c. Ventricular pressure is less than pressure in the great arteries
d. Ventricular pressure is greater than pressure in the great arteries
19. Which of the following values is used clinically to estimate a patient’s quality
of life?
a. Stroke volume
b. End systolic volume
c. Ejection fraction
d. Blood pressure
20. A patient presents with crackles in their lungs upon auscultation and is short
of breath. Scans were ordered and pulmonary edema was present. Which of
the following is affecting the patient?
a. Left ventricular hypertrophy
b. Right heart failure
c. Hypertension
d. Left heart failure
e. Hypotension
21. A patient presents with a heart rate of 68 bpm and stroke volume of 65
mL/beat. Estimate the patient’s cardiac output.
a. 5,100 mL/beat
b. 1.04 mL/beat
c. 4,420 mL/beat
d. 3 mL/beat
22. Which of the following patients may have an increased cardiac reserve?
a. A patient with COPD
b. An infant
c. A patient who is bradycardic
d. An athlete
e. Elderly patient
23. Which of the following drugs interfere with epinephrine binding to the
receptor and therefore weaken the effects of stress hormones?
a. Caffeine
b. Thyroid hormone
c. Beta blockers
d. Acetylcholine
24. Which of the following contain no elastic tissue?
a. Muscular arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Named arteries
d. Elastic arteries
25. These are found in endocrine organs, kidneys, and the small intestine. They
have filtration pores to allow the rapid exchange of water and small solutes.
a. Sinusoids
b. Continuous capillaries
c. Thoroughfare channels
d. Fenestrated capillaries
e. True capillaries
26. Which of the following prevents blood from flowing backwards in veins?
a. Precapillary sphincters
b. One way valves
c. Skeletal muscle pump
d. Arterial valves
27. A patient with valvular incompetence may exhibit this sign:
a. Spider veins
b. Peripheral edema
c. Varicose veins
d. Superficial veins
28. The circle of Willis is which of the following types of anastomoses?
a. Arteriovenous anastomosis
b. Venous anastomoses
c. Arterial anastomoses
29. Which of the following does not put a patient at risked for DVT?
a. Venous stasis
b. Pregnancy
c. Compression stockings
d. Hypercoaguability
30. Which of the following is a marked increase in blood flow to an affected
area… aka why our hands and feet get cold outside and flush when we walk
inside.
a. Histamine
b. Angiogenesis
c. Reactive hyperemia
d. Autoregulation
31. What occurs when blood pressure falls?
a. CN IX sends more signals to the brainstem which causes vasodilation
and decreases cardiac output
b. CN IX sends less signals to the brainstem which causes vasodilation
and decreases cardiac output
c. CN IX sends less signals to the brain which causes vasoconstriction
and increases cardiac output
d. CN IX sends less signals to the brain which causes vasoconstriction
and decreases cardiac output
32. What is the ejection fraction percentage of a patient whose stroke volume is
88 and end diastolic volume is 145?
a. 60.7%
b. 16.4 %
c. 54.0%
d. 61.0%
33. Which of the following hormones is released from the heart in response to
hypertension?
a. Angiotensin II
b. Aldosterone
c. ANP
d. ADH
34. All of the following increase blood pressure except….
a. Angiotensin II
b. Aldosterone
c. ANP
d. ADH
35. Which of the following collects lymph from the right side of the head, arm,
and thorax? Where does it empty?
a. Thoracic duct; left subclavian vein
b. Thoracic duct; right subclavian vein
c. Right lymphatic duct; left subclavian vein
d. Right lymphatic duct; right subclavian vein
36. Which cells produce antibodies?
a. NK cells
b. T cells
c. B cells
d. Plasma cells
37. Which cells process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments to T
cells?
a. Macrophages
b. NK cells
c. Dendritic cells
d. T cells
38. Which cells does HIV affect?
a. B cells
b. T cells
c. NK cells
d. APC’s
39. What is the largest lymphatic organ?
a. Tonsils
b. Spleen
c. Thymus
d. Lymph nodes
40. If a patient undergoes a left mastectomy… what could be a potential clinical
manifestation?
a. Chest pain
b. Left arm edema
c. Right arm edema
d. Shortness of breath