Download APBiologySummerisOVERAssignment

Name: _______________________________________
Using your knowledge, your friends, your text book, or any other resource available to
you, answer the following questions. These questions will help you review chemistry,
which is part of (and tested on) the first unit of the year. Answers may be typed or
written neatly on separate paper.
1. What is the difference between an element and a compound?
2. What 4 elements make up 96% of living matter?
3. List 5 other elements naturally found in the body.
4. Distinguish between protons, neutrons, and electrons.
5. Write out the electron configuration for an atom of fluorine in the ground state.
6. How are radioactive isotopes useful in biology?
7. What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
8. Which electron shell in an atom has the lowest amount of energy?
9. What does it mean to excite an electron?
10. Why are valence electrons most critical for chemical reactions?
11. What is the importance of electronegativity in chemical bonding?
12. Distinguish between a nonpolar and polar covalent bond.
13. Name 3 compounds that are each bonded together by covalent bonds.
14. How is an ionic bond different from a covalent bond?
15. Name 3 compounds that are each bonded together by ionic bonds.
16. How is an ion different from an atom?
17. What are cations and anions?
18. Explain what hydrogen bonds are and what types of molecules have them.
19. Why is molecular shape so important in biology?
20. Is water polar or nonpolar?
21. Explain how water’s hydrogen bonding leads to each of the following:
a. Cohesion
b. Adhesion
c. Surface tension
d. Its high boiling point
e. The ability of ice to float in water
f. Its ability to be the universal solvent
22. What is specific heat?
23. Explain why sweating cools the body.
24. Distinguish between a solute, solvent, and solution.
25. What does “aqueous” mean?
26. What does it mean to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
27. Give 2 examples of hydrophobic substances.
28. Give 2 examples of hydrophilic substances.
29. Give an example of a substance with both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic side.
30. What is the purpose of the pH scale?
31. Give the range of the pH scale.
32. What percentage of a cell is water?
33. What is organic chemistry?
34. How many valence electrons are in an atom of carbon?
35. What is the difference between a single covalent bond and a double or triple
covalent bond?
36. What are hydrocarbons?
37. What are enantiomers (optical isomers)?
38. What are functional groups?
39. Draw each of the following:
a. Hydroxyl group
b. Carbonyl group
c. Carboxyl group
d. Amino group
e. Sulfhydryl group
f. Phosphate group
40. Name the class of compound that contains each of the following:
a. Hydroxyl group
b. Carbonyl group
c. Carboxyl group
d. Amino group
e. Sulfhydryl group
f. Phosphate group
41. Which two functional groups in question 39 are present in amino acids?
42. Which functional groups in question 39 are hydrophilic?
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS MAY HAVE TO BE LOOKED UP IN OTHER SOURCES!!!
43. Carbohydrates consist of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Differentiate between the three.
44. Give two examples of each type of carb listed in question 43.
45. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
46. Explain the structure of a phospholipid as well as it’s polarity.
47. What are the building blocks of protein? What is the name of the bond between
these subunits?
48. Give two differences between RNA and DNA.
49. Differentiate between purines and pyrimidines.
50. Who is the vice president of the United States of America?
If you have any questions about: A) Why you signed up to take this course, B) Your
sanity, specifically in reference to why you signed up for this course, or C) You simply
feel like this would be a good time to cry for your mommy; then It’s a little late for that,
don’t you think? Summer is OVER and you are stuck here for the year! Just kidding!
Sheesh, relax and take a deep breath. We will be covering this content throughout the
first unit. However, the more you know the better off you will be for the first test, and if
you don’t know it, the sooner you do know it the better off you will be when preparing for
the first test. So please complete this assignment. Enjoy!