Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Energy source for contraction
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
Energy source for contraction • ATP • ADP + Creatine phosphate = ATP • ATP is constantly broken down and rebuilt • ATP = adenosine triphosphate • ADP= adenosine diphosphate • ATP produced by cellular respiration – occurs in the mitochondria (requires O2 and glucose) • 25% of energy formed is used • What happens to the rest? • Heat more muscle activity= more heat Oxygen Debt • Oxygen is used to make ATP in cellular Resp. • Exerciserun out of O₂ = Lactic acid Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation – muscle cramps Muscle Fatigue • Muscle lose ability to contract after prolonged exercise or strain • Caused by lactic acid build up Threshold Stimulus • Minimal strength required to cause a contraction • Motor neuron releases enough acetylcholine to reach threshold All-or-None Response • Fibers do not contract partially, they either do or don't • Motor Unit • The muscle fiber + the motor neuron • Recruitment • more and more fibers contract as the intensity of the stimulus increases • Muscle Tone • Sustained contraction of individual fibers, even when muscle is at rest • Lost if motor nerve axons are cut • Hypertrophy - muscles enlarge (working out or certain disorders) • Atrophy - muscles become small and weak due to disuse 1 2 8 7 3 6 4 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Tendon Muscle Fasicle Muscle fiber Myofibril Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Muscle Epimysium Fasicle Endomysium Sarcolemma Myfibirl perimysium Major Skeletal muscles • Names of muscles describe them • Ex: pectoralis major- large muscle in pectoral region • Ex: Deltoid- shaped like a delta or triangle Muscle of Facial Expression • • • • • • • • Enable communication of feelings Epicranius – frontalis and occipitalis Orbicularis oculi- around eye Orbicularis oris- around mouth Buccinator- cheek Zygomaticus major- zygomatic arch Zygomaticus minor- zygomatic arch Platysma- chest upward over neck to face, frown Muscle of Mastication Chewing movements • Masseter • Temporalis • Medial pterygoid • Lateral Pterygoid Move Head and Vertebral Column • Sternocleidomastoid • Splenius capitis • Semispinalis capitis Back • • • • • • • • • • • Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae Teres Major Teres Minor Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Latissimus dorsi http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/back/bac k.swf Front • • • • • • • • • • Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Deltoid Pectoralis minor Pectoralis major Serratus anterior Rectus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/tors o/torso.swf Arm • Subscapularis • Triceps brachii • Biceps Brachii • Brachialis • Coracobrachialis Top • Extensor carpi ulnaris • Extensor carpi radialis brevis • Extensor carpi radialis longus • Extensor digitorum • Flexor carpi ulanris http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/arms/top_arm.swf Arm Bottom/Underneath • Biceps brachii • Brachioradialis • Brachialis • Pronator teres • Flexor carpi radialis • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Palmaris longus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles /arms/bottom_arm.swf Leg Muscles Front: • Sartorius • Rectus Femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Gracilis • Tensor fasciae latae • Tibialis anterior • Fibularis longus • Extensor digitorum longus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs/fron t_legs.swf Leg Muscles Back: • Gluteus maximus • Gluteus medius • Gracilis • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus • Biceps femoris • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • http://www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/muscles/legs /back_legs.swf
