Download File

Topic: Greece
Daily Opener:
Put these teachers in
Agenda: Daily Opener, History Club Reminders & shirts, Greek Notes
order:
Greek alphabet – memorize by next Tuesday, Mika –Lost Sea PowerPoint? (email it to me
Socrates
this week)
Aristotle
Annotated Bibliography Topics Due by Tomorrow (Tomorrow is the
work day!)
Plato
Bring textbooks to class on Thursday.

http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/ancient-greece/videos/was-atlantislocated-in-ancientgreece?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1
&free=false

Was Atlantis in Greece?

Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea,
Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea

5/100,000 – Greece

US -

http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/ancientgreece/videos/deconstructing-history-theacropolis?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f
=1&free=false
•
•
•
The arts in Classical Greece were designed to
express the eternal ideas of reason, moderation,
symmetry, balance, and harmony.
In architecture, the most important form was
the temple, and the classic example of this type
of architecture is the Parthenon, built between
447 and 432 B.C.
Located on the Acropolis in Athens, the
Parthenon was dedicated to Athena, the patron
goddess of the city, but it also served as a
shining example of the power and wealth of the
Athenian empire.
Greece
• 80 years
• Male 77 years
• Female 83 years
Greece
• .1%
Greece = 20.1%
Greece = Male 97%
Greece = 20%
Greece = 23,600
•
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/th
e-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
Greece = Parliamentary Republic
Capital = Athens
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece/videos/thestory-of-medusa?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
Medusa

What is the capital of Greece?
•
•
•
•
The Greeks helped provide answers to these
questions and created a system of logical,
analytical thought to examine them.
Ancient Greek civilizations began around 2,000
B.C.
By the 8th c., the polis or city state had emerged.
Greek civilization flourished and reached its
height in the classical era of the 5th c. B.C. which
had come to be closely identified with the
achievements of Athenian democracy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmkVSasZIM
•
•
•
Greece occupied a small area, a mountainous
peninsula, that encompassed only 45,000
square miles. (about the size of Louisiana)
Mountains and seas played a huge role in
their development
Consists of small plains and river valleys
surrounded by mountain ranges 8-10,000
feet high.
– Why? How would this shape a civilization?



Consequently, Greek communities tended to
follow their own separate paths and develop
their own ways of life.
Became so attached to these separate,
unique identities that they were willing to
fight to keep them
Led to bitter warfare that ultimately
devastated Greek Society



Earliest civilizations in the Aegean region
emerged here
Island of Crete influenced Greek civilization
People of Crete had absorbed ideas from
Egypt and Mesopotamia




Minoans – early civilization in Crete, named
after legendary King Minos
1600-1500 BC height of their civilization
Success based on trade, not conquest
Set up outposts throughout the Aegean
world




Lived in a vast palace at Knossos
Rooms for royal family, banquet halls,
working areas for artists, religious shrines
Walls of Knossos covered with colorful
frescoes – watercolor paintings done on wet
plaster
What could a fresco tell us?

Numerous things about Minoan civilization
 Dolphins - importance of water
 Religious images
 Women and men strolling about (?)


By about 1400, Minoan civilization had
vanished
Not sure why
 Volcanic eruption?
 Earthquake?
 Invaders?





First Greek speaking people of whom we
have written record
Conquered Greek mainland and Crete
Civilization flourished between 1600-1100 BC.
Sea traders
Learned from Minoans – writing

Lived in separate city states on the mainland
Warrior-king

Trojan War

 1250 BC
 Probably occurred over economic issues
 Btwn Mycenaeans and Trojans (Troy – city in
Turkey)


Fight over who would control a narrow water
passage connecting the Mediterranean and
Black Seas
Romantic cause?
 Paris, Trojan Prince, kidnaps the world’s most
beautiful woman –Helen, who is married to a
Greek King
 The Greeks sail to Troy and burn it to the ground
 Truth or Fiction?


Wealthy German businessman
Set out and proved there was a fire in Troy
around 1250 BC
Dorians and other sea traders attacked
Mycenae not long after 1250 BC.
Mycenaean power faded and declined.


Homer – 750 BC, blind poet, wandered from
village to village, singing stories
Passed on orally for generations
 Iliad – chief source of info about Trojan War
 Odyssey – Greek hero Odysseus
Both stories tell a lot about values of ancient
Greeks, portrays honor, courage, eloquence

http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/ancient-greece/videos/odysseusship?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&f
ree=false

Greek city-states were often at odds with one
another.

Persia
 Controlled Greek city-states of Ionia in Asia Minor
 They rebelled against Persia in 499 BC.
 Athens sent ships to help the rebels.

http://www.ancient.eu/ionia/


Crushed the rebellion
Darius I was furious at role Athens played in
the uprising and sent a huge force across
Aegean to punish them.




A Persian army landed near Marathon, a plain
north of Athens, in 490 BC
Athenians asked for help from neighboring
Greek city-states, but received little support
The outnumbered Athenian forces charged at
the Persians
“a mere handful of men coming out at a run
without either horsemen or archers”

Overwhelmed by the fury of the assault, the
Persians retreated.

Who was the Trojan
War between?



Darius dies and his son, Xerxes (Zurk seez)
takes over.
In 480 BC, Xerxes sends a much larger force
to take over Greece. They land in northern
Greece to a waiting Spartan force.
By this time, Athens had convinced Sparta
and other Greek city-states to ban together in
fighting off the Persians.


The large Persian force blew past the
Spartans who were guarding the mountain
pass at Thermopylae.
The Persians burnt Athens to the ground, but
the Athenians had already fled.



Narrow strait
Greeks lured the Persian navy here and then
used batter rams underwater to tear their
fleet apart.
Xerxes watched from the shore helpless as his
fleet was destroyed.



The next year, Greeks defeated Persians on
land in Asia Minor.
Victory marked the end of the Persian
invasions and a heightened sense of the
Greek’s own uniqueness.
Athens emerged as the most powerful citystate in Greece.

Athens created an alliance system between
Greek city-states to continue to protect
Greece from invaders.





Dominated Athenian league
Moved the money from Delos to Athens
Began to use the money to rebuild Athens
When the allies protested, they used force to
shut them up
Encouraged political freedom at home
460-429 BC
Golden age for Athens
Pericles (PEHR uh kleez) – intelligent, able
statesman
 Economy thrived
 Government became more democratic
 Athens focused on democracy at home while
severing its ties with Sparta and expanding its
new empire aborad.






Direct democracy – citizens take part directly
in day to day affairs of government
Athenian assembly met several times a
month
A council of 500 conducted daily government
business




Pericles believed that all citizens regardless of
wealth or social class should take part in
government.
Stipend – paid set salary to members of the
assembly
Jury – 12 members, over 30
Ostracism – banned, usually 10 years


Rebuilding Acropolis
With the help of Aspasia (as PAY shuh),
Pericles turned Athens into the cultural center
of Greece
•
•
Under the leadership of Athens, the Delian
League pursued the attack against the
Persian Empire. Virtually all of the Greek citystates in the Aegean were liberated from
Persian control by 469 BC.
Once the Persian threat was over, some
states withdrew from the league.
– Naxos did in 470
– Thasos in 465

The Athenians responded vigorously. They:





Attacked both states
Destroyed their walls
Took over their fleets
Eliminated their liberty
Forced them to pay tribute
 ‘No secession’ became Athenian policy.
 The Delian League was rapidly becoming an
instrument of Athenian imperialism and the nucleus
of an Athenian empire.


Sparta
http://www.history.co
m/topics/ancienthistory/sparta/videos/d
econstructing-historyspartans


Athens
http://www.history.co
m/topics/ancienthistory/ancient-greecedemocracy

Possession of foreign territories or colonies
for the benefit of the home country
•
•
•
Pursuit of democracy at home was coupled
with increasing imperialism abroad
Athenian policies had the effect of converting
the voluntary allies of the Delian League into
the involuntary subjects of an Athenian naval
empire.
Athens sought to create a land empire and
caused the First Peloponnesian War with
Sparta and its allies (460-445).


After a series of defeats, Athens and Sparta
worked out a 30 years peace. (it did not last
thirty years)
Athens gave up most of its land empire and in
return Sparta recognized the existence of
Athens’ maritime empire.

In the decades that followed the defeat of the
Persians, the Greek world divided into two
sides:
 Sparta and its Peloponnesian League
 Athenian maritime empire

In his classic History of the Peloponnesian War,
the great historian Thucydides pointed out
that the fundamental, long-range cause of
the war was the fear that Athens and its
empire inspired in Sparta.
 Sparta was worried that Athens would use its
naval power to weaken Sparta’s control of the
Peloponnesian League.



The immediate cause of war occurred when two
of Sparta’s allies – Corinth and Megara – had a
conflict with Athens.
Corinth and Megara threatened to leave the
Peloponnesian League if Sparta didn’t back
them up.
Pericles convinced Athens that if they backed
down, then Sparta would be seen as the leading
city-state. Thus the Great Peloponnesian War
began.
•
•
Both sides thought they had winning strategies
Sparta
– Invaded Attica and ravaged the fields and orchards
hoping that the Athenians would send out their army
to fight beyond the walls
•
Athens
– Based on the navy
– People would be brought in behind the protective
walls while the overseas empire and navy would keep
them supplied



In the second year of the war, a plague killed
1/3rd of the Athenian population inside walls.
Pericles died
But the Athenians fought on
•
•
•
After more fighting and leading generals dying,
Nicias, a new Athenian leader, negotiated the Peace
of Nicias. (421 BC) This peace was supposed to last 50
years but it only lasted about 6 years.
Pericles nephew, Alcibiades was elected as general
but he he was reckless and self-seeking.
He later was removed from leadership for
disrespecting religious items. Bitter about his
demotion, he fled to the Spartan side and helped the
Spartans strategize to what would eventually be the
defeat of the Athenian empire in 405.

http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/ancient-greece/videos/thepeloponnesianwar?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&f
ree=false


Weakening
Sparta set up oligarchies across the citystates (did not work out well, one example –
In Athens the ‘thirty tyrants’ murdered over
1500 of their opponents)





(484-425)
Author of
The Persian Wars
Commonly regarded as the first real history in
western civilization
Focuses on the conflicts between the Greeks
and Persians
Been called bias


Is a Greek word that literally means ‘love of
wisdom’
‘the unexamined life is not worth living’





Is a Greek word that literally means ‘love of
wisdom’
‘the unexamined life is not worth living’
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle




469-399 BC
Stone mason
No written work left behind
Socratic method – employs a question and
answer technique to lead pupils to see things
for themselves using their own reason


Socrates often questioned authority and this
got him into trouble.
Accused and convicted of corrupting the
youth in Athens and was sentenced to death.

http://www.biography.com/people/socrates9488126




Socrates mot famous student
Wrote a great deal
Focused on the essence of reality
The Republic
 based on his experience in Athens, Plato distrusted
democracy
 ideal state would have three groups
▪ Top – Philosopher-kings, upper class, ruling elite
▪ Middle – Warriors who protected society
▪ Bottom – masses – people driven by material things
Trained under Plato at Plato’s school the
Academy for 20 years
 Aristotle’s most famous student - Alexander the
Great
 Politics - Aristotle examined the constitutions of
158 states and arrived at general categories for
organizing governments
 He identified three good forms – monarchy,
aristocracy, and constitutional government
(favored this one)

Religion was intricately connected to every
aspect of daily life- social and practical
Major gods
Zeus – chief god
Athena – goddess of wisdom and crafts
Apollo – god of the sun and poetry
Aphrodite – goddess of love
Poseidon – brother of Zeus, seas, earthquakes

http://www.history.com/topics/ancienthistory/greek-mythology/videos/greek-gods