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Grammar, Usage and Mechanic
(GUM)
Unit 1: Friendship
Rugby & Rosie
Nouns
Nouns name persons, places, things or ideas.
Common nouns name any person, place, or thing. They are not capitalized.
Ex: teacher
Proper Nouns name a specific person, place or thing. They are capitalized.
Ex: Miss Mattish
The Legend of Damon and Pythias
Verbs and verb Tenses
A verb shows the action, condition, or state of being of the subject.
Ex: Jordan ran all the way home.
action verb= run
I am a teacher.
State of being= am….it links the noun teacher to the subject I
State of Being verbs= is, am, are, was, were, will, be, being, been, have, has, had,
do, does, did, may, might, must, could, should, would
Some state of being verbs can also be linking verbs when they connect the subject
with a word in the predicate.
A verb phrase is one or more helping verbs followed by a main verb. Helping verbs
help the main verb express action or state of being.
Ex: She has eaten an apple every day for a year.
Helping verb=has
Main verb= eaten
Good bye, 382 Shin Dang Dong
Subject and Predicate
A sentence expresses a complete thought and has two parts, a subject and a
predicate.
Ex: Quinn walks to school each day.
Subject= Quinn
predicate= walks to school each day
The subject tells who or what the sentence is about. The complete subject is all
the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about.
Ex: The brown dog lives in the city.
Complete subject= The brown dog
The simple subject is the noun that tells who or what does or is something in the
sentence.
Ex: The brown dog lives in the city.
Simple subject= dog
A compound subject is two or more simple subjects connected by a conjunction.
Ex: Quinn and Luke walk to school each day.
Compound subject= Quinn and Luke
A complete predicate is the words that tell what the subject is or does.
Ex: The brown dog lives in the city.
Complete predicate= lives in the city.
The simple predicate is the verb that tells what he subject is or does. It can only
tell one thing that about the subject.
Ex: The brown dog lives in the city.
Simple predicate= lives
A compound predicate is two or more predicates connected by a conjunction that
tells two or more things about the subject.
Ex: They live and work in the city.
Compound predicate= live and work
Beauty and the Beast
Complete Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
Ex: The performer plays the guitar.
However both the subject and the predicate in a simple sentence can be simple or
compound.
Ex: The performer plays the guitar and sings.
The bicyclists and the runners slid and fell on the ice.
Teammates
Quotation Marks, Commas, and Capitalization
Quotation marks are used to set off dialogue or the exact words of a speaker.
Ex: Mom said patiently, “I’ll wait right here for you.”
They also set off titles of short stories, poems, songs, and the chapter of books.
Ex: I love the poems “Double-tail Dog” and “Smart”.
Commas are used to separate items in a series, to set words apart from the rest of
the sentence, or in dates, locations, and addresses.
Ex: I made my bed, got dressed, and ate my breakfast all before 8am.
I like apples, oranges and bananas.
Dad said, “You will earn money by raking the leaves.”
Neil Armstrong walked on the moon on July 20, 1969.
We live in Sebastopol, California.
Capitalize the beginning of sentences and words such as geographical names,
holidays, historical periods, and special events. Name and titles are also
capitalized.
Ex: My dog always seems happy to see me.
David said, “My friend, Luis, lives near Mount Shasta, in Northern California.”