Download Ch 2-6

Classification, Adaptation, &
Population Change Study Guide
1. Define Classification. The division of organisms
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into groups, or classes, based on specific
characteristics.
What are the eight levels of classification?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
Scientists classify organisms by? A two part
scientific name that consists of the genus &
species.
Be able to use a branching diagram.
What is a dichotomous key? An aid that is used
to identify organisms and that consist of the
answers to a series of questions.
Define adaptation. Characteristics that improve
an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in
a particular environment.
What are the 3 kinds of adaptations? 1.
Obtaining Food 2. Predator-Prey 3. Interactions
(Symbiosis)
Define Natural selection. The process by which
individuals that are better adapted to their
environment survive and reproduce more
successfully than less well adapted individuals
do.
Name and describe the four steps of natural
selection.
1. Overproduction - more offspring are born than
will live to become adults.
2. Genetic Variation - Individuals in a population
differ from one another. Some characteristics
improve chances while others lower chances
for survival.
3. Struggle to Survive - Many individuals die from
lack of resources. Others are killed by
predators or cannot find mates to reproduce.
The ones who find resources survive!
4. Successful Reproduction - This is the key to
natural selection. The strong survive, while the
weak die early or have few strong offspring.
10. What is genetic variation? Differences among
organisms that are passed on from parent to
offspring that help them survive better.
11. What is genetic bottlenecking? When a
population decreases rapidly, the characteristics
of the individuals are reduced causing problems
like birth defects.
12. What are the 3 types of evidence that show an
adaptation? Physical adaptations, Behavioral
adaptations & Physiological adaptations
13. Define Species. A group of organisms that can
mate with one another to produce fertile
offspring.
14. Define population. Groups of individuals of the
same species living in the same place at the
same time.
15. What are the 2 characteristics that scientist
compare to prove organisms have common
ancestors? Skeletal Structures and DNA
Molecules