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Chapter 4 Interactions of Life Review Matching a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. population density community population habitat food chain biosphere limiting factor niche i. producers j. ecology k. carrying capacity l. symbiosis m. consumers n. mutualism o. parasitism p. commensalism q. r. s. t. u. ecosystem autotroph competition heterotroph food web __B__1. All of the populations in an ecosystem. __A _2. The size of a population that occupies a specific area. __F_3. The part of Earth that supports life. __E_4. The feeding relationships among the organisms in an ecosystem. __G_5. Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. __M_6. Organisms that cannot make their own energy-rich particles. __K_7. The largest number of individuals of one species that an environment can support and maintain. __N_8. A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. __O_9. A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is harmed. _I_10. Organisms that use an outside energy source to make energy-rich molecules. _H_11. How an organism survives in its environment. _P_12. A symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits but the other in not affected. _Q_13. All of the organisms in an area and the nonliving features of their environment. _J_14. The study of interactions among organisms and their environment. _L_15. A close relationship between species. _C_16. Organisms in an ecosystem that belong to one species. _D_17. The place in which an organism lives. _T_18. An organism that consumes other organisms for energy. _U_19. Several interconnected food chains. _S_20. When two or more organisms need the same resource at the same time. _R_21. An organism that can produce its own food. 22. How do ecologists organize life on earth. Write the following terms in order from largest to smallest: ecosystem, biosphere, organism, population, community. BIOSPHERE, ECOSYSTEM, COMMUNITY, POPULATION, ORGANISM 1 23. What is population density? The size of a population that occupies a specific area. 24. According to the diagram, which of the organisms compete for the same food source? Animals that compete for the plant are: deer and mouse Animals that compete for the mouse are: owl, hawk, snake, and fox Animals that compete for the snake are: owl and hawk 25. According to the diagram, what organism would be represented by the “?” (A carnivore, a decomposer, an herbivore, or an omnivore)? Herbivore 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Lynx (thousands) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Hares (thousands) Lynx (thousands) 18 50 18 55 18 60 18 65 18 70 18 75 18 80 18 85 Hares (thousands) Hare and Lynx Data Years 26. According to the graph, when the hare population increases the lynx population __increases____. 27. According to the graph, the hare population peaks 4 times on the graph. About how many years pass between peaks? 10 years 2 28. According to the graph, why do you think the lynx population decreases in 1862? Hare population decreases probably from lack of food. 29. Draw a diagram showing the energy flow through an ecosystem. Include the following: decomposer, sunlight, primary consumer, producer, and secondary consumer. SUN PRODUCER PRIMARY CONSUMER SECONDARY CONSUMER DECOMPOSER 30. What are 2 methods for estimating populations? 1.Trap, mark, and release 2. Random Sampling 31. Use the random sampling technique to calculate a population of daffodils using the grid below. 20 22 17 21 1. 20+22+17+21 = 80 2. 80/4 = 20 3. 20 X 16 =320 32. Twenty five deer were captured and tagged. Later, 100 deer were captured in which 15 of these had tags. Calculate the entire population. number captured x number tagged number recaptured with tag 100x25 = 2500 = 166.6=167 15 15 33. There are 3 basic interactions between populations in an ecosystem. What are they? 1. Predator/Prey (Predation) 2. Symbiosis 3. Competition 34. There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships. List, define and give an example of each type, and use the symbols that go with each type. Mutualism – Both organisms benefit Commensalism – One organism benefits, the other is not harmed Parasitism – One organism benefits, the other is harmed 35. Circle the factors that make up an organism’s niche. A. How it finds a mate, B. How it avoids danger, C. How it obtains shelter, D. How it digests its food E. How it cares for its young 36. What are 3 limiting factors? Food, shelter, water, mates, space 3 37. For what do organisms compete in an ecosystem? (List 4) Food, shelter, water, space, mates, territory 38. Name and describe the type of growth that is displayed on the graph below. This type of graph is representing exponential growth. It shows that the growth rate rises sharply at hour 9 39. Name and describe the population growth in the graph below. This graph represents exponential growth and carrying capacity. The graph is an s curve showing the exponential growth rate at June and the carrying capacity is steady at 65 rabbits 40. Write the letter of the pyramid that applies to each of the following words. Autotrophs= E Heterotrophs= A, B, C, D Producers= E Consumers= A, B, C, D Primary consumer=C Carnivore=B Herbivore=D 4 A B C D E 5