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Chapter 2 Earth’s Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology Case Study: The Tohoku Earthquake (Summarize) Essential Questions 1. What are the parts of an atom? 2. What are the macromolecules and their function? 3. How do the 2 laws of thermodynamics affect available energy? 4. How do the 3 types of plate boundaries move? 5. What are the layers of the atmosphere and what occurs in each? Matter Law of conservation of matter Atoms Protons Neutrons Electrons Ions Compounds v molecules pH pH scale acids v base Macromolecules Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Energy Potential v Kinetic 1st Law of Thermodynamics 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Energy efficiency Autotrophs Heterotrophs Geology Earth’s layers Core Mantle - Asthenosphere - Lithosphere Crust Plate tectonics Rock cycle Types of plate boundaries - Divergent - Convergent - Transform Earthquakes Volcanoes landslides Type of rocks - igneous Atmosphere - metamorphic - sedimentary Layers of the atmosphere - troposphere - stratosphere - mesosphere - thermosphere Convection currents - Hadley cells Ferrel cells Polar cells Coriolis effect Chapter 5 Env. Systems & Ecology Case Study: The Vanishing Oysters of the Chesapeake Bay (summarize) Essential Questions 1. What are the properties of a system? 2. What are ecosystem services? 3. How have humans affected the different cycles? 4. How are the cycles similar? Different? Cornell Notes -negative feedback loop System -positive feedback loop dynamic equilibrium Systems Interact watershed Eutrophication (steps) Earths Spheres Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Ecosystems 2 characteristics 1. Energy Flow 2. Matter Cycles Energy -> Biomass gross primary production: vs. net primary production: (5.5) nutrients influence production Landscape Ecology Patches & Mosaics Role of GIS Ecosystem Services (list several from 5.1) Biogeochemical Cycles Source Vs. Sink WATER Water Cycle (diagram it) - evaporation: - transpiration: - condensation: - precipitation - groundwater a. aquifer b. water table CARBON Carbon Cycle (diagram it) - photosynthesis - respiration - combustion ***shifting carbon from lithosphere to atmosphere NITROGEN Nitrogen Cycle (diagram it… as best you can) Role of bacteria- N Fixation - Nitrification - Denitrification Haber-Bosch Process PHOSPHOROUS Phosphorous Cycle Solutions to Dead Zones? Summary (answer essential questions with detail… be sure to ask questions in margin of C-Notes) 1. 2. 3. 4.
