Download Unit 13 Section 1

Unit 13: Treatment of
Psychological Disorders
Section 1: The Psychological Therapies
Treatment for Psychological Disorders
Psychotherapy
(This PowerPoint
presentation will focus on
these types of therapies.)
Trained therapist uses
psychological techniques to assist
someone seeking to overcome
problems.
Biomedical Therapy
Therapists prescribe medication or
a medical procedure that acts
directly on the patients nervous
system.
** 50% of all psychotherapists use the eclectic approach to treat their patients.
Psychological Therapies
• Psychoanalysis – interpreting/analyzing the patient
• Humanistic Therapy – listening to/validating the patient
• Behavioral Therapy – directing actions of the patient
• Cognitive Therapies - directing thought patterns of patient
• Group & Family Therapy – grouping the patient for support
**The following slides will focus on these 5 types of psychological therapies.
Psychoanalysis
Perspective: Psychological problems diminish as the
unconscious is uncovered.
Aim:
Bring repressed
feelings into
awareness.
Methods:
• Free Association
• Dream Analysis
• Transference
• Hypnosis
** Watch Sheldon
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapy
Perspective:
Psychological problems diminish as people get in touch with
their thoughts and emotions.
Aim:
Focus on growth instead of illness. Focus on present thoughts
instead of past experiences.
Methods:
• Client/Person Centered
Therapy
• Active Listening w/
genuineness, acceptance,
and empathy
Humanistic Therapy (continued)
How to Listen Effectively
• Paraphrase what the person just said to check your understanding
• Invite clarification by asking for an example (person will also open up more.)
• Reflect feelings by confirming what they say. “That sounds frustrating.”
Behavioral Therapy
Perspective:
Psychological problems
diminish as behavior is
reconditioned
Aim:
Shape proper behavior through
conditioned learning using reinforcers.
Methods:
Classical Conditioning – conditioning the patient to unlearn
negative associations between two stimuli
Operant Conditioning – through a system of reinforcement,
the patient is conditioned toward the desired behavior.
(Behavioral
Therapy Contd.)
Conditioning Behavior
Classical Conditioning
Exposure Therapy - exposure of the patient to the feared object or context without any
danger, in order to overcome their anxiety
Aversion Therapy - patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to
some form of discomfort. This conditioning is intended to cause the patient to associate the
stimulus with unpleasant sensations in order to stop the specific behavior
Operant Conditioning
Shaping – reinforcement of successive approximations until the desired behavior is achieved
Token Economies – behavior modification based on rewarding desired behavior with tokens
(Behavioral
Therapy Contd.)
Exposure Therapy – Ex: Spiders
1. Relaxation techniques are learned.
2. Patient is asked to describe his/her fear of spiders.
3. Patient is asked to draw picture of a spider.
4. Patient is exposed to a story about spiders.
5. Patient exposed to pictures of spiders.
6. Patient is asked to experience spiders in a real room under safe conditions.
7. Patient is exposed to spiders in a virtual room.
8. Patient is physically exposed to a real spider in a natural way
9. Patient is exposed to a real spider in an unnatural way.
Aversion Therapy – Ex: Addiction
(Behavioral
Therapy Contd.)
Electric Shock
Inducing Nausea
Overindulgence
(Behavioral
Therapy Contd.)
Shaping - Ex:
Training Animals
(Behavioral
Therapy Contd.)
Token Economies – Ex: Classroom
Cognitive Therapy
Perspective: psychological problems diminish as the patient changes his/her
interpretations/perspective of events. (Our thinking colors our feelings) Between the event and
the response lies the mind. “There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so.”
Aim:
Teach the patient new and constructive ways of thinking that
lead to positive experiences and feelings.
Methods:
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
• Stress Inoculation Training
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy –
Ex: Fired From Work
Allowing the patient to see that their internal beliefs and the
cognitive labels they put on things are negatively affecting
their psychological health.
(Cognitive Therapy Contd.)
Situation #1 involves a person
with unhealthy internal beliefs
and cognitive labels.
Situation #2 involves a person
with healthy internal beliefs and
cognitive labels.
Situation #1: Fired from job
Situation #1: Fired from job
Internal belief: “I am
worthless. It’s hopeless, I’ll
never find another job. Who
would want to hire me?”
Internal belief: “My boss
was a jerk anyway. I’ll be
happier working someplace
else.”
Result: Depression
Result: No Depression
**Read the Beck/Client interaction on pages 615-616.
Anxiety and Mood Disorders can also be
linked to negative cognitive labels and
treated (in part) with cognitive therapy.
(Cognitive Therapy
Contd.)
Stress Inoculation Training
Helps patients prepare themselves in advance for
stressful situations in an effort to manage anxiety.
Step #1: Initial Conceptualization – Patient is educated on how stress works and how, often and
quite inadvertently, patients make their stress worse through the unconscious operation of bad
coping habits. Therapists convey the idea that stressors are creative opportunities and puzzles to
be solved, rather than insurmountable obstacles.
Step #2: Skills Acquisition & Rehearsal - A variety of emotion regulation, relaxation, cognitive
appraisal, problem-solving, communication and socialization skills may be selected and taught
on the basis of the patient’s unique needs.
Step #3: Application & Follow Through - The therapist provides the patient with opportunities to
practice coping skills. The patient may be encouraged to use a variety of simulation methods to
help increase the realism of coping practice, including visualization exercises, modeling and
vicarious learning, role playing of feared or stressful situations, and simple repetitious
behavioral practice of coping routines until they become over-learned and easy to act out.
(Cognitive Therapy
Contd.)
Cognitive
Behavior
Therapy
**This form of therapy combines
techniques from cognitive and
behavioral perspectives.
Group & Family Therapy
Perspective: psychological problems diminish as the patients share
and hear similar experiences to their own.
Aim:
Provide the patient
with a supportive
environment of people
with shared or similar
experiences.
Methods:
Group discussions facilitated
by a licensed mental health
care professional.
Benefits:
-
Saves the patients’ money
Saves the therapist’s time
Helps people feel like they are part of a group
Helps people hear how others deal with similar
problems