Download Introduction to Psychology

PSYCHOLOGY
The Psychological
Therapies
History of Treatment
History of Treatment
Reformers of treatment of the mentally ill:
Dorothy Dix
Philippe Pinel
Treatment depends on:
Therapist view of the problem:
Learned
Biological/genetic
Social conditions
Therapy
 Eclectic Approach
 an approach to psychotherapy that,
depending on the client’s problems, uses
techniques from various forms of therapy
Therapy
Psychotherapy
 an emotionally charged, confiding interaction
between a trained therapist and someone
who suffers from psychological difficulties
TherapyPsychoanalysis
1. Psychoanalysis (Freud)
•
Goal: Method that attempts to gain insight into
unconscious origins of the problem
•
•
Uncover repressed impulses/conflicts
identify cause of behavior
Psychoanalysis
• Freud believed the patient’s free associations,
resistances, dreams, and transferences (and the
therapist’s interpretations of them) released
previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient
to gain self-insight
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
Resistance
• blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
TherapyPsychoanalysis
 Transference
 the patient’s transfer to the analyst of
emotions linked with other relationships
 e.g. love or hatred for a parent
2. Humanistic Therapy
• humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers
Client-Centered Therapy
• therapist uses techniques such as active listening
within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to
facilitate clients’ growth
• Provide psychological Mirror
• Concentrate on present & future
• Look to explain cause
Humanistic Therapy
 Active Listening-empathic listening in which the
Therapist/listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
3. Behavior Therapy
Behavior Therapy
Goal: therapy that applies learning principles
to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Classical conditioning - Pavlov
Operant conditioning - Skinner, Watson
Behavior Therapy
A. Counterconditioning
• procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli
that trigger unwanted behaviors
Includes:
• systematic desensitization
• aversive conditioning
• exposure therapy/flooding
• virtual reality
Behavior Therapy
1. Systematic Desensitization
• type of counterconditioning
• associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually
increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
• Ex. Of Peter with hierarchy of increases
• commonly used to treat phobias
Behavior Therapy
Exposure Therapy / flooding/ virtual reality
 treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination
or reality) to the things they fear and avoid
Behavior Therapy
Systematic Desensitization
Counter conditioning
2. Aversive Conditioning
 type of counterconditioning that associates an
unpleasant state with an unwanted
behavior
 Reverse/opposite of desensitization
Examples:
 nausea ---> alcohol
 Stop nail biting by painting nails with terrible
taste polish and stop biting behavior
Behavior Therapy
 Aversion
therapy
for
alcoholics
Behavior Therapy
B. Token Economy
 an operant conditioning procedure that rewards
desired behavior
 patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for
exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges
or treats
4.Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Who: Aaron Beck, Albert Ellis, Adele Rabin
Goal: teaches people new, more adaptive &
constructive ways of thinking and acting
Stress inoculation training
• Discover irrational thinking
• Interpretation of life events in new perspective
• Reverse self defeating thinking
• based on the assumption that thoughts intervene
between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive Therapy
 A cognitive
perspective
on
psychological
disorders
Cognitive Behavior
Therapy
Type of cognitive behavior therapy:
RET (Rational Emotive Therapy)
Albert Ellis
• Help one change their thinking
• Shows them the irrational thinking
• Demonstrates a way change behavior
Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive
therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with
behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Group and Family
Therapies
Family Therapy
 treats the family as a system
 views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as
influenced by or directed at other family members
 attempts to guide family members toward positive
relationships and improved communication
Cognitive Therapy
 The
Cognitive
Revolution
Cognitive Therapy
 Cognitive
therapy for
depression