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 Before the 1450’s social and political conditions were not right for overseas
expansion. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsKSB-aT3ys
 However, around the 1450’s things began to change in Europe. This changes made
people more interested in ocean travel.
 Modern Era: The Middle Ages ended and a period of scientific, technological and
trading prosperity began, the Modern Era, which included a period known as the
Renaissance.
 The Renaissance was a revolutionary intellectual and cultural movement that
emphasized in the human capacity for reasoning, learning, and mastering nature.
 The Modern era spans from the mid 15 century to the end of the 18th.
 Trade with Asia:
 Desire to trade revive and farming stop being the main economic system.
 The demand of Asian imported goods to Europe increased but access to Asia by land land was
block by the Turkish (Muslims) in 1453. European kingdoms started to look for a direct route to
Asia.
 In Asia, Europeans bought goods such as, silk, spices, ad other items not found in Europe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sVGFX7DJiWc
New powerful kingdoms:
 After the fall of the Western Roman Empire new kingdoms appeared and with time obtain economic
success and power.
 New developments:
 European explorations was possible thanks to advances in navigation and other technological
advances. Example compass, caravels, astrolabe.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1G7gVC7SUNs
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJpJL2YzCOc
Portugal was the first to start the exploration project. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/howportugal-became-the-first-global-sea-power/
 School of Sagres: founded by the Portuguese sailor Henry the Navigator.
 In was a school for sailors, shipbuilders, geographers and cartographers.
 Portuguese sailors focus in finding new routes to Asia through Africa.
 Bartolomeu Dias
 In 1487, he reached the southern tip of Africa.
 He named this place the Cape of Good Hope
 Vasco de Gama
 Parted towards India in 1497. He stayed away from the rough seas near
African coast, and sailed further into the Atlantic.
 He passed Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Arabian sea
and arrived in the Indian Ocean
 Pedro Alvarez Cabral
 In 1500 lead and expedition that accidentally deviated and led him to the
eastern coast of Brazil.
Spain did not wanted to have problems with Portugal but they also did not want to abandon
the possibility of an alternative route to Asia.
 The Spanish Catholic monarchs accepted a proposal to find a new route to Asia crossing the
Atlantic by an Italian sailor named Christopher Columbus. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF_unlvjccA&t=60s
 Columbus signed the Santa Fe capitulations, which stated that he would become viceroy or the
person who ruled the territory in the name of the King but the territory belong to Spain.
 After the Agreement Columbus prepared his first voyage.
 On August 3,1492, he set sailed from Port Los Palos.
 On August 12, 1492, the crew spotted land from a distance. ( San Salvador)
 Columbus wrote in his diary everything that happened during his voyage.
 Diary = is a notebook where you write thoughts and events that take place on daily basis
First voyages 1492
- An island on
the Bahamas
that he named
San Salvador.
- Cuba
- La Hispaniola
Second voyage 1493
- San Juan
Bautista (P.R) on
Nov. 19.
- Jamaica
- Lesser Antilles
Third voyage 1498
Fourth voyage 1502
- Northern coast of - Caiman islands
South America
- Central America
- Trinidad and
Tobago
- Grenada
 Columbus died in 1506 without knowing he had reached another continent, instead of Asia.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): agreement signed by Spain and Portugal to avoid war.
It divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain.
 They signed the Treaty of Tordesillas to resolve their concern that the other might claimed
some of their territory.
 East of the land belong to Portugal
 West of the land belong to Spain
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aF_unlvjccA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xIy7FoiaQY
 There is evidence that before Columbus reached America, the Vikings had already done so
traveling from Northern Europe.
 Vikings travel trying to find riches and fertile land.
 Viking, Eric the Red, found a land he called Greenland.
 His son Leif Eriksson was the first who founded the first European settlement in America.
 He named the small village Vinland in the island of Newfoundland.
 The Vikings did not stay long in the continent and had almost no contact with indigenous
people.
 Vikings did not use written language and that is why Columbus
expeditions came to be known as the first to reach America.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ua_ikn4LlwI