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How to Speak Drug Court Treatment Terms 12 Step Program – A set of guiding principles (accepted by members as ‘spiritual principles,’ based on the approved literature) outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems. Examples include Alcoholic Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. Bipolar (historically known as manic–depressive disorder) – A psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes, or symptoms, or a mixed state in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time. These events are usually separated by periods of “normal” mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Borderline Personality Disorder – A personality disorder described as a prolonged disturbance of personality function in a person (generally over the age of eighteen years, although it is also found in adolescents), characterized by depth and variability of moods. The disorder 1 typically involves unusual levels of instability in mood; black-and-white thinking, or splitting; the disorder often manifests itself in idealization and devaluation episodes, as well as chaotic and unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in the individual’s sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense of self can lead to periods of dissociation. Controlled substance – A drug, substance, or immediate precursor included in Schedules I through V The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device, and Cosmetic Act (35 P.S. §780-113 et. seq.). Case Worker – Mental health and substance abuse caseworkers are also called clinical social workers. These caseworkers are employed in hospitals, substance abuse treatment centers, social service agencies and government agencies. These caseworkers provide therapy, help patients with going back to life outside of the treatment center and give crisis intervention or outreach. DBT (Dialectic Behavior Therapy) – A cognitive-behavioral treatment approach with two key characteristics: a behavioral, problemsolving focus blended with acceptance-based strategies, and an emphasis on dialectical processes. “Dialectical” refers to the issues involved in treating patients with multiple disorders and to the type of thought processes and behavioral styles used in the treatment strategies. DBT has five components: 1) Capability enhancement (skills training); 2) Motivational enhancement (individual behavioral treatment plans); 3) Generalization (access to therapist outside clinical setting, homework, and inclusion of family in treatment); 4) Structuring of the environment (programmatic emphasis on reinforcement of adaptive behaviors); and 2 5) Capability and motivational enhancement of therapists (therapist team consultation group). DBT emphasizes balancing behavioral change, problem-solving, and emotional regulation with validation, mindfulness, and acceptance of patients. Therapists follow a detailed procedural manual Designer drug – A substance other than a controlled substance that is intended for human consumption and that either has a chemical structure substantially similar to that of a controlled substance in Schedules I, II or III of this act or that produces an effect substantially similar to that of a controlled substance in Schedules I, II or III. 35 P.S. §780-102. Dependence – A state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction. Physical dependence can develop from low-dose therapeutic use of certain medications such as benzodiazepines, opioids, antiepileptics and antidepressants, as well as misuse of recreational drugs such as alcohol, opioids and benzodiazepines. Substance dependence can be diagnosed with physiological dependence, evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or without physiological dependence Detox (Detoxification) – The process whereby a drug or alcoholintoxicated or dependent client is assisted through the period of time necessary to eliminate (by metabolic or other means) the presence of the intoxicating substance or dependency factors, while keeping the physiological or psychological risks to the client at a minimum. This process should also include efforts to motivate and support the client to seek formal treatment after the detoxification process Drug paraphernalia – All equipment, products and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, 3 compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this act. EHC (Electronic Home Confinement or EM) – A measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all. House arrest is a lenient alternative to prison time. An electronic sensor locked to the offender’s ankle (technically called an ankle monitor, sometimes referred to as a tether). If the subject and the sensor venture too far from the home, the violation is recorded and the proper authorities are summoned. To discourage tampering, many ankle monitors can now detect attempted removal. Halfway House – A community-based residential treatment and rehabilitation facility that provides services for chemically dependent persons in a supportive, chemical-free environment. While this type of service provides substance abuse treatment, it also emphasizes protective and supportive elements of family living, while encouraging and providing opportunities for independent growth and responsible community living, mutual self-help, assistance in economic and social adjustment, the integration of life skills into daily life, and a solid program of recovery. Clients entering this environment must have already had some experience in another type of drug and alcohol treatment. This is a live in/ work out environment. Intensive Outpatient Therapy – An organized non-residential treatment service in which the client resides outside the facility. It provides structured psychotherapy and client stability through increased periods of staff intervention. Services are provided according to a planned regimen 4 consisting of regularly scheduled treatment sessions at least 3 days per week, for a total time between 5 and 10 hours per week. MST (Multisystemic Therapy) – An intensive family-and community-based treatment program that focuses on the entire world of chronic and violent juvenile offenders — their homes and families, schools and teachers, neighborhoods and friends. Major Depressive Disorder – A mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person’s family, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Medically Monitored Detox – An inpatient health care facility that provides a 24-hour medically directed evaluation and detoxification of psychoactive substance use disorder clients in an acute care setting Medically Managed Inpatient Detox – An inpatient health care facility that provides a 24-hour medically directed evaluation and detoxification of psychoactive substance use disorder clients in an acute care setting. Medically Managed Inpatient Residential – An inpatient health care facility that provides 24-hour medically directed evaluation, care, and treatment for addicted clients with coexisting biomedical and/or psychiatric/behavioral conditions which require frequent medical management. Such a service needs to have 24-hour nursing care, 24-hour access to intensive and specialized medical care, and 24-hour access to physician care. Medically Monitored Long-Term Residential – A residential facility that provides 24-hour professionally directed evaluation, care, and 5 treatment for addicted clients in chronic distress, whose addiction symptomatology is demonstrated by severe impairment of social, occupational, or school functioning. Habilitation is a treatment goal. Medically Monitored Short-Term Residential – A residential facility that provides 24-hour professionally directed evaluation, care, and treatment for addicted clients in acute distress, whose addiction symptomatology is demonstrated by moderate impairment of social, occupational, or school functioning. Rehabilitation is a treatment goal. Narcotic – Any of the following, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis: (i) opium, (ii) any opiate having an addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining capacity similar to morphine, but not including the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium, (iii) any compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation of opium or any opiate, and (iv) any substance, compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, which is chemically identical with any of the substances referred to in (i), (ii) or (iii). 35 P.S. §780-102. Opiate – Any substance having an addiction-forming or addictionsustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability. 35 P.S. §780-102. Outpatient Therapy – An organized, non-residential, drug-free treatment service providing psychotherapy in which the client resides outside the facility. Services are usually provided in regularly scheduled treatment sessions for, at most, 5 contact hours per week. PCPC (Pennsylvania Client Placement Criteria) 1A: Outpatient 6 1B: Intensive Outpatient 2A: Partial Hospitalization 2B: Halfway House 3A: Medically Monitored Detox 3B: Medically Monitored Short-Term Residential 3C: Medically Monitored Long-Term Residential 4A: Medically Managed Inpatient Detox 4B: Medically Managed Inpatient Residential Partial Hospitalization – The provision of psychiatric, psychological, or other therapies on a planned and regularly scheduled basis in which the client resides outside the facility. Partial hospitalization is designed for those clients who would benefit from more intensive services than are offered in outpatient treatment projects, but who do not require 24-hour residential care. This environment provides multi-modal and multidisciplinary psychotherapy. Services consist of regularly scheduled treatment sessions at least 3 days per week, for a total time of at least 10 hours per week. Parole – Parole is a conditional release from incarceration to serve the balance of the original sentence under the supervision of a parole officer. Following a violation of parole, a Judge can revoke parole and sentence the offender to incarceration to complete the unfinished sentence, but may not extend the length of the original sentence ordered. Peer Specialist – A person who has progressed in their own recovery from alcohol or other drug abuse or mental disorder and is willing to self-identify as a peer and work to assist other individuals with chemical dependency or a mental disorder. Because of their life experience, such persons have expertise that professional training cannot replicate. 7 Personal Medicine – In the psychiatric setting, personal medicine, or other self-initiated, non-pharmaceutical self-care activities, is used to decrease symptoms, avoid undesirable outcomes such as hospitalization, and improvemood,thoughts,behaviors, and the overall sense of wellbeing. Personal medicines were non-pharmaceutical activities and strategies that served to decrease symptoms and increase personal wellness Probation – An offender on probation is ordered to follow certain conditions set forth by the court, often under the supervision of a probation officer. Following a violation of probation, a Judge can revoke probation and resentence the offender as if they were never on probation and can include a jail sentence up to the maximum sentence allowed by law (regardless of how much of the probationary sentence has been served). Psychotherapy – Psychotherapy is a general term for addressing mental health concerns by talking with a psychologist or other mental health provider. During psychotherapy, the client learns about their condition and their moods, feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Psychotherapy helps the client learn how to take control of your life and respond to challenging situations with healthy coping skills. There are many specific types of psychotherapy, each with its own approach. The type of psychotherapy that’s right for you depends on your individual situation. Psychotherapy is also known as talk therapy, counseling, psychosocial therapy or, simply, therapy. Relapse – Resuming the use of a drug or a chemical substance after one or more periods of abstinence. SCRAM (Secure Continuous Remove Alcohol Monitor) – An electronic bracelet worn on an offender’s leg that samples the offender’s perspiration every 30 minutes to test for alcohol and notifies the 8 supervising entity for any positive test. The bracelet may also include an EHC component. Schizoaffective Disorder – A psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental disordercharacterized by recurring episodes of elevated or depressed mood, or of simultaneously elevated and depressed mood, that alternate with, or occur together with, distortions in perception. Schizoaffective disorder most commonly affects cognition and emotion. Auditory hallucinations, paranoia, bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking with significant social and occupational dysfunction are typical Schizophrenia – A mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and by poor emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, ordisorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social or occupational dysfunction. The onset of symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood. TCU Drug Screen – The TCU Drug Screen is a brief self-administered tool for DSM 5 classification of drug use, and it is widely used in correctional settings where offender assessment resources tend to be limited. Withdrawal – The group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and alcohol. In order to experience the symptoms of withdrawal, one must have first developed a physical/mental dependence (often referred to as chemical dependency) Scheduling of Controlled Substances (according to the PA Law) 9 Schedule I Controlled Substances Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. Some examples of substances listed in schedule I are: heroin, morphine, codeine, marijuana, LSD, salvia, MDPV (“bath salts”), peyote, quaaludes, ecstasy, synthetic marijuana, GHB (“date rape drug”) Schedule II Controlled Substances Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse, currently accepted medical use in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions, and abuse may lead to severe psychic or physical dependence. Some examples of substances listed in schedule II are: opium, cocaine, fentanyl (Sublimaze® or Duragesic®), methadone (Dolophine®), amphetamine (Dexedrine®, Adderall®), PCP, oxycodone (Percocet®, OxyContin®, and Percodan®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), meperidine (Demerol®), hydromorphone (Dilaudid®), methamphetamine (Desoxyn®), and methylphenidate (Ritalin®). Schedule III Controlled Substances Substances in this schedule have a potential for abuse less than the substances listed in Schedules I and II; well documented and currently accepted medical use in the United States; and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence. Some examples of substances listed in schedule III are: ketamine, anabolic steroids, and HGH. Schedule IV Controlled Substances Substances in this schedule have a low potential for abuse relative to 10 substances in Schedule III; currently accepted medical use in the United States; and limited physical and/or psychological dependence liability relative to the substances listed in Schedule III. Some examples of substances listed in schedule IV are: alprazolam (Xanax®), diazepam (Valium®), triazolam, clonazepam (Klonopin®),chlordiazepoxide (Librium®), Zolpidem (Ambien®), temaze pam (Restoril®),flunitrazepam(Rohypnol®), and Lorazepam (Ativan®). Schedule V Controlled Substances Substances in this schedule have a low potential for abuse relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV; currently accepted medical use in the United States; and limited physical dependence and/or psychological dependence liability relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV. Acronyms Treatment ARD……………………………………. Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition CBT………………………………………………….. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CIP…………………………………………….. County Intermediate Punishment D/A ………………………………………………………………….. Drug and Alcohol D&A ………………………………………………………………… Drug and Alcohol DA……………………………………………………………………. Drug and Alcohol DBT……………………………………………………… Dialectic Behavior Therapy Detox………………………………………………………………………. Detoxification DSM 5…………..…. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DUI……………………………………………………. Driving Under the Influence EHC……………………………………………….. Electronic Home Confinement EM……………………………………………… Electronic Monitoring (see EHC) IOP………………………………………………….. Intensive Outpatient Therapy 11 MH………………………………………………………………………. Mental Health MST………………………………………………………….. Multisystemic Therapy OP………………………………………………………………… Outpatient Therapy PWID…………………………. Possession With the Intent to Deliver (a controlled substance) Rehab…………………………………………………………………….. Rehabilitation RIP……………………………………….. Restrictive Intermediate Punishment SCRAM…………………. Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring SIP……………………………………………….. State Intermediate Punishment SMI……………………………………………………………. Serious Mental Illness SPMI……………………………………………. Serious Persistent Mental Illness VOP…………………………………………………. Violation of Probation/Parole Organizations AOPC………………………… Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts BJA………………………………………………….. Bureau of Justice Assistance DOJ…………………………………………………………….. Department of Justice DPW………………………………………. Department of Public Welfare (PA) NADCP……………….. National Association of Drug Court Professionals NCJRS………………………… National Criminal Justice Reference Service NDCI………………………………………………. National Drug Court Institute NIJ…………………………………………………….. National Institute of Justice OJP…………………………………………………….. Office of Justice Programs PCCD……………… Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency PCS……………………………….. Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing PCS…………………………………………… Pennsylvania Counseling Services UJS…………………………………………………. Unified Juridical System (PA) 12