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How to Speak Drug Court
Treatment Terms
12 Step Program – A set of guiding principles (accepted by members as
‘spiritual principles,’ based on the approved literature) outlining a course of
action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral
problems. Examples include Alcoholic Anonymous and Narcotics
Anonymous.
Bipolar (historically known as manic–depressive disorder) –
A psychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood
disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally
elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more
depressive episodes. The elevated moods are clinically referred to
as mania or, if milder, hypomania. Individuals who experience manic
episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes, or symptoms, or
a mixed state in which features of both mania and depression are present
at the same time. These events are usually separated by periods of
“normal” mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may
rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling.
Borderline Personality Disorder – A personality
disorder described as a prolonged disturbance of personality function in a
person (generally over the age of eighteen years, although it is also found in
adolescents), characterized by depth and variability of moods. The disorder
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typically involves unusual levels of instability in mood; black-and-white
thinking, or splitting; the disorder often manifests itself in idealization and
devaluation episodes, as well as chaotic and unstable interpersonal
relationships, self-image, identity, and behavior; as well as a disturbance in
the individual’s sense of self. In extreme cases, this disturbance in the sense
of self can lead to periods of dissociation.
Controlled substance – A drug, substance, or immediate precursor
included in Schedules I through V The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device,
and Cosmetic Act (35 P.S. §780-113 et. seq.).
Case Worker – Mental health and substance abuse caseworkers are also
called clinical social workers. These caseworkers are employed in hospitals,
substance abuse treatment centers, social service agencies and government
agencies. These caseworkers provide therapy, help patients with going back
to life outside of the treatment center and give crisis intervention or
outreach.
DBT (Dialectic Behavior Therapy) – A cognitive-behavioral
treatment approach with two key characteristics: a behavioral, problemsolving focus blended with acceptance-based strategies, and an emphasis
on dialectical processes. “Dialectical” refers to the issues involved in
treating patients with multiple disorders and to the type of thought
processes and behavioral styles used in the treatment strategies.
DBT has five components:
1) Capability enhancement (skills training);
2) Motivational enhancement (individual behavioral treatment plans);
3) Generalization (access to therapist outside clinical setting, homework,
and inclusion of family in treatment);
4) Structuring of the environment (programmatic emphasis on
reinforcement of adaptive behaviors); and
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5) Capability and motivational enhancement of therapists (therapist team
consultation group). DBT emphasizes balancing behavioral change,
problem-solving, and emotional regulation with validation, mindfulness,
and acceptance of patients. Therapists follow a detailed procedural manual
Designer drug – A substance other than a controlled substance that is
intended for human consumption and that either has a chemical structure
substantially similar to that of a controlled substance in Schedules I, II or
III of this act or that produces an effect substantially similar to that of a
controlled substance in Schedules I, II or III. 35 P.S. §780-102.
Dependence – A state resulting from chronic use of a drug that has
produced tolerance and where negative physical symptoms
of withdrawal result from abrupt discontinuation or dosage reduction.
Physical dependence can develop from low-dose therapeutic use of certain
medications such as benzodiazepines, opioids, antiepileptics and
antidepressants, as well as misuse of recreational drugs such as alcohol,
opioids and benzodiazepines. Substance dependence can be diagnosed
with physiological dependence, evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or
without physiological dependence
Detox (Detoxification) – The process whereby a drug or alcoholintoxicated or dependent client is assisted through the period of time
necessary to eliminate (by metabolic or other means) the presence of the
intoxicating substance or dependency factors, while keeping the
physiological or psychological risks to the client at a minimum. This
process should also include efforts to motivate and support the client to
seek formal treatment after the detoxification process
Drug paraphernalia – All equipment, products and materials of any
kind which are used, intended for use or designed for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing,
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compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing,
analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing,
injecting, ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing into the human body
a controlled substance in violation of this act.
EHC (Electronic Home Confinement or EM) – A measure by
which a person is confined by the authorities to his or
her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all. House arrest is a
lenient alternative to prison time. An electronic sensor locked to the
offender’s ankle (technically called an ankle monitor, sometimes referred to
as a tether). If the subject and the sensor venture too far from the home, the
violation is recorded and the proper authorities are summoned. To
discourage tampering, many ankle monitors can now detect attempted
removal.
Halfway House – A community-based residential treatment and
rehabilitation facility that provides services for chemically dependent
persons in a supportive, chemical-free environment. While this type of
service provides substance abuse treatment, it also emphasizes protective
and supportive elements of family living, while encouraging and providing
opportunities for independent growth and responsible community living,
mutual self-help, assistance in economic and social adjustment, the
integration of life skills into daily life, and a solid program of recovery.
Clients entering this environment must have already had some experience
in another type of drug and alcohol treatment. This is a live in/ work out
environment.
Intensive Outpatient Therapy – An organized non-residential
treatment service in which the client resides outside the facility. It provides
structured psychotherapy and client stability through increased periods of
staff intervention. Services are provided according to a planned regimen
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consisting of regularly scheduled treatment sessions at least 3 days per
week, for a total time between 5 and 10 hours per week.
MST (Multisystemic Therapy) – An intensive family-and
community-based treatment program that focuses on the entire world of
chronic and violent juvenile offenders — their homes and families, schools
and teachers, neighborhoods and friends.
Major Depressive Disorder – A mental disorder characterized by an
all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of
interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. Major depressive
disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person’s family,
work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health.
Medically Monitored Detox – An inpatient health care facility that
provides a 24-hour medically directed evaluation and detoxification of
psychoactive substance use disorder clients in an acute care setting
Medically Managed Inpatient Detox – An inpatient health care
facility that provides a 24-hour medically directed evaluation and
detoxification of psychoactive substance use disorder clients in an acute
care setting.
Medically Managed Inpatient Residential – An inpatient health
care facility that provides 24-hour medically directed evaluation, care, and
treatment for addicted clients with coexisting biomedical and/or
psychiatric/behavioral conditions which require frequent medical
management. Such a service needs to have 24-hour nursing care, 24-hour
access to intensive and specialized medical care, and 24-hour access to
physician care.
Medically Monitored Long-Term Residential – A residential
facility that provides 24-hour professionally directed evaluation, care, and
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treatment for addicted clients in chronic distress, whose addiction
symptomatology is demonstrated by severe impairment of social,
occupational, or school functioning. Habilitation is a treatment goal.
Medically Monitored Short-Term Residential – A residential
facility that provides 24-hour professionally directed evaluation, care, and
treatment for addicted clients in acute distress, whose addiction
symptomatology is demonstrated by moderate impairment of social,
occupational, or school functioning. Rehabilitation is a treatment goal.
Narcotic – Any of the following, whether produced directly or indirectly
by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by
means of chemical synthesis or by a combination of extraction and
chemical synthesis: (i) opium, (ii) any opiate having an addiction-forming
or addiction-sustaining capacity similar to morphine, but not including the
isoquinoline alkaloids of opium, (iii) any compound, manufacture, salt,
derivative, or preparation of opium or any opiate, and (iv) any substance,
compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, or preparation thereof, which is
chemically identical with any of the substances referred to in (i), (ii) or (iii).
35 P.S. §780-102.
Opiate – Any substance having an addiction-forming or addictionsustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of conversion into
a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining liability. 35 P.S.
§780-102.
Outpatient Therapy – An organized, non-residential, drug-free
treatment service providing psychotherapy in which the client resides
outside the facility. Services are usually provided in regularly scheduled
treatment sessions for, at most, 5 contact hours per week.
PCPC (Pennsylvania Client Placement Criteria)
1A: Outpatient
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1B: Intensive Outpatient
2A: Partial Hospitalization
2B: Halfway House
3A: Medically Monitored Detox
3B: Medically Monitored Short-Term Residential
3C: Medically Monitored Long-Term Residential
4A: Medically Managed Inpatient Detox
4B: Medically Managed Inpatient Residential
Partial Hospitalization – The provision of psychiatric, psychological,
or other therapies on a planned and regularly scheduled basis in which the
client resides outside the facility. Partial hospitalization is designed for
those clients who would benefit from more intensive services than are
offered in outpatient treatment projects, but who do not require 24-hour
residential care. This environment provides multi-modal and multidisciplinary psychotherapy. Services consist of regularly scheduled
treatment sessions at least 3 days per week, for a total time of at least 10
hours per week.
Parole – Parole is a conditional release from incarceration to serve the
balance of the original sentence under the supervision of a parole
officer. Following a violation of parole, a Judge can revoke parole and
sentence the offender to incarceration to complete the unfinished sentence,
but may not extend the length of the original sentence ordered.
Peer Specialist – A person who has progressed in their
own recovery from alcohol or other drug abuse or mental disorder and is
willing to self-identify as a peer and work to assist other individuals with
chemical dependency or a mental disorder. Because of their life experience,
such persons have expertise that professional training cannot replicate.
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Personal Medicine – In the psychiatric setting, personal medicine, or
other self-initiated, non-pharmaceutical self-care activities, is used to
decrease symptoms, avoid undesirable outcomes such as hospitalization,
and improvemood,thoughts,behaviors, and the overall sense
of wellbeing. Personal medicines were non-pharmaceutical activities and
strategies that served to decrease symptoms and increase personal wellness
Probation – An offender on probation is ordered to follow certain
conditions set forth by the court, often under the supervision of a probation
officer. Following a violation of probation, a Judge can revoke probation
and resentence the offender as if they were never on probation and can
include a jail sentence up to the maximum sentence allowed by law
(regardless of how much of the probationary sentence has been served).
Psychotherapy – Psychotherapy is a general term for addressing mental
health concerns by talking with a psychologist or other mental health
provider. During psychotherapy, the client learns about their condition and
their moods, feelings, thoughts and behaviors. Psychotherapy helps the
client learn how to take control of your life and respond to challenging
situations with healthy coping skills.
There are many specific types of psychotherapy, each with its own
approach. The type of psychotherapy that’s right for you depends on your
individual situation. Psychotherapy is also known as talk therapy,
counseling, psychosocial therapy or, simply, therapy.
Relapse – Resuming the use of a drug or a chemical substance after one
or more periods of abstinence.
SCRAM (Secure Continuous Remove Alcohol Monitor) – An
electronic bracelet worn on an offender’s leg that samples the offender’s
perspiration every 30 minutes to test for alcohol and notifies the
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supervising entity for any positive test. The bracelet may also include an
EHC component.
Schizoaffective Disorder – A psychiatric diagnosis that describes
a mental disordercharacterized by recurring episodes of elevated or
depressed mood, or of simultaneously elevated and depressed mood, that
alternate with, or occur together with, distortions in perception.
Schizoaffective disorder most commonly affects cognition and emotion.
Auditory hallucinations, paranoia, bizarre delusions, or disorganized
speech and thinking with significant social and occupational dysfunction
are typical
Schizophrenia – A mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of
thought processes and by poor emotional responsiveness. It most
commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or
bizarre delusions, ordisorganized speech and thinking, and it is
accompanied by significant social or occupational dysfunction. The onset of
symptoms typically occurs in young adulthood.
TCU Drug Screen – The TCU Drug Screen is a brief self-administered
tool for DSM 5 classification of drug use, and it is widely used in
correctional settings where offender assessment resources tend to be
limited.
Withdrawal – The group of symptoms that occurs upon the abrupt
discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of
medications, recreational drugs, and alcohol. In order to experience the
symptoms of withdrawal, one must have first developed a physical/mental
dependence (often referred to as chemical dependency)
Scheduling of Controlled Substances (according to the PA
Law)
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Schedule I Controlled Substances
Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse, no currently
accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for
use under medical supervision.
Some examples of substances listed in schedule I are: heroin, morphine,
codeine, marijuana, LSD, salvia, MDPV (“bath salts”), peyote, quaaludes,
ecstasy, synthetic marijuana, GHB (“date rape drug”)
Schedule II Controlled Substances
Substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse, currently
accepted medical use in the United States, or currently accepted medical
use with severe restrictions, and abuse may lead to severe psychic or
physical dependence.
Some examples of substances listed in schedule II are: opium, cocaine,
fentanyl (Sublimaze® or Duragesic®), methadone (Dolophine®),
amphetamine (Dexedrine®, Adderall®), PCP, oxycodone
(Percocet®, OxyContin®, and Percodan®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®),
meperidine (Demerol®), hydromorphone (Dilaudid®), methamphetamine
(Desoxyn®), and methylphenidate (Ritalin®).
Schedule III Controlled Substances
Substances in this schedule have a potential for abuse less than the
substances listed in Schedules I and II; well documented and currently
accepted medical use in the United States; and abuse may lead to moderate
or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
Some examples of substances listed in schedule III are: ketamine, anabolic
steroids, and HGH.
Schedule IV Controlled Substances
Substances in this schedule have a low potential for abuse relative to
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substances in Schedule III; currently accepted medical use in the United
States; and limited physical and/or psychological dependence liability
relative to the substances listed in Schedule III.
Some examples of substances listed in schedule IV are: alprazolam
(Xanax®), diazepam (Valium®), triazolam, clonazepam
(Klonopin®),chlordiazepoxide (Librium®), Zolpidem (Ambien®), temaze
pam (Restoril®),flunitrazepam(Rohypnol®), and Lorazepam (Ativan®).
Schedule V Controlled Substances
Substances in this schedule have a low potential for abuse relative to the
substances listed in Schedule IV; currently accepted medical use in the
United States; and limited physical dependence and/or psychological
dependence liability relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV.
Acronyms
Treatment
ARD……………………………………. Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition
CBT………………………………………………….. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CIP…………………………………………….. County Intermediate Punishment
D/A ………………………………………………………………….. Drug and Alcohol
D&A ………………………………………………………………… Drug and Alcohol
DA……………………………………………………………………. Drug and Alcohol
DBT……………………………………………………… Dialectic Behavior Therapy
Detox………………………………………………………………………. Detoxification
DSM 5…………..…. Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DUI……………………………………………………. Driving Under the Influence
EHC……………………………………………….. Electronic Home Confinement
EM……………………………………………… Electronic Monitoring (see EHC)
IOP………………………………………………….. Intensive Outpatient Therapy
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MH………………………………………………………………………. Mental Health
MST………………………………………………………….. Multisystemic Therapy
OP………………………………………………………………… Outpatient Therapy
PWID…………………………. Possession With the Intent to Deliver (a
controlled substance)
Rehab…………………………………………………………………….. Rehabilitation
RIP……………………………………….. Restrictive Intermediate Punishment
SCRAM…………………. Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitoring
SIP……………………………………………….. State Intermediate Punishment
SMI……………………………………………………………. Serious Mental Illness
SPMI……………………………………………. Serious Persistent Mental Illness
VOP…………………………………………………. Violation of Probation/Parole
Organizations
AOPC………………………… Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts
BJA………………………………………………….. Bureau of Justice Assistance
DOJ…………………………………………………………….. Department of Justice
DPW………………………………………. Department of Public Welfare (PA)
NADCP……………….. National Association of Drug Court Professionals
NCJRS………………………… National Criminal Justice Reference Service
NDCI………………………………………………. National Drug Court Institute
NIJ…………………………………………………….. National Institute of Justice
OJP…………………………………………………….. Office of Justice Programs
PCCD……………… Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency
PCS……………………………….. Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing
PCS…………………………………………… Pennsylvania Counseling Services
UJS…………………………………………………. Unified Juridical System (PA)
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