Download Ecology and Adaptations - Madison County Schools

What is it? How does it
interact with its environment
Inherited Traits
Increase likelihood for survival
Leads to variations in species
An edge over competitors
Inherited traits that are passed to offspring
Peppered Moth (1900) Industrial Age
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Eukaryotic- having a nucleus and organized
organelles
Multicellular
Heterotrophic- the are consumers and eat others
No cell walls- Why?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Group
Species

Obtain food and oxygen

Maintain homeostasis

Move

Reproduce
Sponges
Phylum- Porifera
No symmetry
Flagella to capture food and circulate water within the
sponge
Three distinct layer:
•
Outer layer for protection
Middle layer – skeletal support
Inner layer where digestion, transport of
materials take place, and oxygen exchange

Jellyfish, corals , and sea anemones

Use stinging cell to immobilize food

Body Types:
 Polyp-vase shaped
 Medusa-bowl shaped


Home (Coral) to more
species of fish and
invertebrates than any
other environment.
The Portuguese Man-ofWar are thousands of
cnidarians working
together in a colony.
Three type of Worms:
1. Segmented (Phylum-Annelid)
2. Flat (Phylum- Platyhelminthes)
3. Round (Phylum- Nematodes)





Bilateral Symmetry- Two equal body halves
Simple nervous system sensitive to light, touch,
and vibrations
Reproduction1. Asexual makes an identical copy of itself
without mating.
2. Sexual-some species have both sex organs in
an individual.

Most are parasites and need a host.

Planarians are scavengers or free-living.

See Tapeworm life cycle page 29

Can reach 30 feet in length!!!

Live in all moist environments , even the arctic

Most abundant animal on Earth

Have an open digestive system (i,e Mouth and
Anus)



Like the roundworm, they have a one-way
digestive system
Closed circulatory system (blood vessels)
 Benefits?
Earthworms-improve soil quality: loosening
soil, allows water and air to move through soil,
fertilize the soil with droppings for the plants.

Classifications:
 Gastropods

Bivalves

Cephalopods

Have an external shell

Some are herbivores, others are carnivores

Cone Shell

Consume using a radula (on tongue)

Two shells held together with strong muscles

Filter feeders using cilia

How are pearls created?
Predators whose foot muscle developed into
tentacles with suckers
Large beak to crush prey and razor sharp suctions
Closed circulatory system
Excellent vision
Large Brain
Use water jet propulsion
Four major groups:
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Centipedes and Millipedes
Insects

Invertebrates

Chitinous Exoskeleton (outside the body)

Jointed Appendages

Segmented body
Bombardier Beetle

Contains 75% of all animals on Earth

Have 2 to 3 body segments

Five or more pairs of legs

2 pair of antennae

Obtain oxygen through gills

Undergo metamorphosis (dramatic change)
during life cycle.



Includes: Spiders, Ticks, Scorpions, and Mites
Two body segments
 Head and midsection combined
 Hind section called the abdomen contains
reproductive organs
Four pairs of legs

Six legs

One pair of antennae

One or two pairs of wings


Life cycle pg 58-59
Specialized Proboscis (mouth parts)
 Collecting nectar, chewing, pushing
through animal skin
Three body segments:
 Head
 Thorax
 Abdomen

Consumers, Prey, and Decomposers

Vital to the food chain (10% Rule)

Insects can be beneficial or catastrophic

Controlling pest by pesticides or biological
control (natural predators).
Invertebrates with an internal skeletal system
(Endoskeleton)
•
• Water vascular system for mobility (tube feet)
• All live in salt water