Download Modern Taxonomy

1
Taxonomy
The Science of Classification
Classification: The process _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Taxonomy: Is the _____________________________________________________.
2
History of Classification

384 - 322 B.C.
Aristotle (Greek Philosopher)
Created first written classification scheme
 TWO Groups - _______________
___________________
 Animal group - anything that lived on _______, in the _______ or in the air.
 Plant group - based this on their different stems
1500's - 1700's
o Many different classification systems created
 Many of them really complicated
 Names based on common names - ____________________________
 Names also based on long scientific definitions
o
o


1700's - Carols Linnaeus - Swedish Biologist
o Established a simple system for classifying and naming organisms
o Based on structural similarities of organism
o Binomial Nomenclature - _________________________________ - still in use today.
o Created a system of groups called ___________________
o Each Taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed
3
Kids
Kingdom
Playing
Phylum
Kingdom
Phylum/Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Modern Day Levels of Classification
Catch
On
Freeway
Class
Order
Family
Man
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalian
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Box Elder Tree
Plantea
Anthophyta
Dicotyledonae
Sapindales
Aceracae
Acer
nugundo
Get
Genus
Bobcat
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Lynx
rufus
Squashed
Species
Canadian lynx
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Lynx
canadensis
Modern Taxonomy
The Evidence used to classify into taxon groups
1) Embryology
2) Chromosomes / DNA
3) Biochemistry
4) Physiology
5) Evolution
6) Behavior
4
Binomial Nomenclature
Is a system of Scientific Naming using
* TWO NAMES FOR EVERY ORGANISM:
* The _________ and the ___________ name.
The system follows certain rules:
1. The scientific name must be in ___________ or ___________ language.
This helps to accurate communicate information to other biologist around the world who
use many different languages. This is done by assigning a unique two-word scientific
name to each organism. (BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE)
2. The first part of the name is called the ________________ and the second part of
the name is called the _____________.
3. The Genus name refers to the relatively small group of organisms to which a
particular type of organism belongs. The SECOND part of the name is the
SPECIES.
4. (SPECIES means ___________________) The Species name is usually a Latin
description of some important characteristic of the organism.
IDENTIFYING ORGANISMS BY THEIR GENUS AND SPECIES NAMES IS CALLED
THE BINOMIAL SYSTEM, OR BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE. ("TWO-NAME NAMING)
5
1)
2)
3)
Advantages of using a universal taxonomic system:
________________________
________________________
________________________
Inferring Phylogeny
Study of ______________________________
Phylogenic tree (_____________________)
Biosystematics
Study of the _________________________________________
_____________________________________.
gene flow
6
Five-Kingdom System
Evolved from Aristotle's 2 Kingdoms
to the Present day 5 Kingdoms
Kingdom Monera
Characteristics of the Monera Kingdom:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Things like: bacteria - both eubacteria (True bacteria) and archebacteria
(ancient bacteria)
7
Kingdom Protista
Characteristics of the Protista Kingdom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Things like: Protozoa, slime molds and algae
8
Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics of the Fungi Kingdom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
6.
_______________________________________________
Things like: Mushrooms, bread molds, water molds, yeasts, rusts,
puffballs
9
Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics of Plantae Kingdom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Things like: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants
10
Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics of Animalia Kingdom
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4. ________________________________________
5. ________________________________________
6. ________________________________________
Things like: sponges, jellyfish, mollusks, round worms, flat worms,
segmented worms, arthropods, starfish, fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals