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Ancient Rome Punic Wars Carthage • • • • Carthage controlled most of Mediterranean Also had greatest navy in region Gained wealth from plundering victims Carthage was a threat to Rome’s security First Punic War 264-241 • Carthage controlled Sicily • Sicilians revolt and Rome helps • Ends in a stalemate howevever, – Carthage loses sea superiority to Rome – Carthage gives up Sicily and pays Rome for cost – Was it really a stalemate?? Hannibal and Second Punic War • Carthage regroups and expands Spanish empire under Hannibal • Rome tells Carthage not to cross Ebro River • Hannibal crosses river, takes most of Northern Italy, beginning the Second Punic War (218) • Roman leader Quintus Fabius Maximus avoids open war with Hannibal, still losses mount up • Hannibal attacks at Cannae End of 2nd Punic War • After Cannae Hannibal destroys Roman countryside, was this smart?? • Decimates his supplies and wears down the army • 211, they march to Rome and cannot win • Scipio and Rome rebound taking Spain and Africa • Hannibal had one final stand at Zama but lost Results of 2nd Punic War • Carthage and all its beauty and wealth becomes a province of Rome • Hannibal’s allies are attacked and brutally defeated • Rome is the new “world” power 3rd Punic War 149-146 • Rome conquers Greece • Attempted Genocide of Carthaginians – Senate calls for extinction of Carthagians – When they refuse to leave they are slaughtered – Those not killed were sold as slaves – Harbor destroyed – Salt spread over farmlands to make them useless