Download Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)

Al Hijaz Private Schools │ CP Section
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Social Studies
Study sheet
Teacher: Bayan Aladwan
Grade: (4 )
Lesson 1: The Arabian peninsula before Islam
The city of Makkah had a special importance long before Islam because of:
1) It was located on the road used by trade caravans coming from Asian
countries that carried many goods, such as spices, ivory, perfumes, and
silk.
2) All the tribes come to Makkah from all over the Arabian Peninsula to
perform pilgrimage once a year and to present offering to the idols inside
and around the Kaaba.
 The Kabba was built by Prophet Abraham and his son Prophet Ismael
(peace be upon them both).
Tribe: is a group of many large families that are all related to each other.
Lesson 2: Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) Life
Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)
Born in Makkah on 12 Rabi' Al-Awwal 570 AD
He belonged to the Banu Hashim clan* of the Quraysh tribe.
His father: Abdullah Ibn Abdul Muttalib.
His mother: Aminah Bint Wahab.
His grandfather: Abdul Muttalib.
His uncle: Abu Talib.
His first wife: Khadijah bint Khuwailid.
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*Clan: is a group of people who are all members of a particular family.
 Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) earned his living as
 a shepherd (a person who tends sheep)
 a merchant (trader).
 Khadijah gave birth to
 Two sons, Al-Qasim and Abdullah;
 four daughters, Zaynab, Ruqayya, Umm Kulthum and Fatimah.
Lesson 3: The Message of Islam
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) inclined to spend long periods of time alone
in a cave located in Mount Hira' outside Makkah. In the cave, he used to
think about all the injustices in the society.
One night in the cave, the Angel Gabriel came to him in the form of a
man wearing white clothes. He was holding a book and orderd him to "Read"
three times.
Then he recited the first five versses from Al-Alaq Surah)‫ ) سورة العلق‬.
The angel then said : " O Muhammad, I am Gabriel and you are the
Messenger of Allah".
 Our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) received his first revelation (wahi) when
he was 40 years old.
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Lesson 4: The Early Days of Islam
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) started to spread the message of Islam
secretly for three years, until Allah ordered him to proclaim the message of
Islam to his people for ten long years afterwards.
Prophet Muhammad and his Muslim followers were treated cruelly by
the people of Makkah and their leaders, and when the attacks became too
much, Allah ordered the Prophet (pbuh) to leave Makkah and to go to Yathrib
(Madina), it was the year 622 AD (also known as the Hegira year, which is
the first year on the Muslim calendar).
After Prophet Muhammad's (pbuh) death, the "Rightly Guided Caliphs"
ruled the Islamic World and they are:
1- Abu Baker
2- Omar bin Al-Khattab
3- Othman bin Affan.
4- Alibin abi Talib.
Lesson 5: The Religion of Islam
The five Pillars of Islam are the basic beliefs in which all Muslims
around the world share.
1- Faith
2- Prayer
3- Almasgiving (Zakat)
4- Fasting
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5- Pilgrimage (Hajj)
Lesson 6: The Golden Age of Islam
Muslim Scholars during the golden age made lasting contributions to our
world today. The table below gives a few examples:
Al-Khawarizmi
Mathematician and astronomer, he was
very famous for his work algebra and
algorithms.
Al-Kindi
An important Islamic philosopher
"Philosopher of the Arabs"
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Al-Razi
A Persian physician and a well-known
writer, mainly in medicine.
Ibn Muqla
An Artist, known as the "Prince of
Calligraphy"
Al-Mutanabbi
An Arab poet who is most famous for
writing poetry in classical Arabic
literature.
Ibn al-Haytham
An Arab scientist and natural
philosopher, and his major work was in
optics
A Persian mathematician and
astronomer and he is the author of
"Ruba'iyyat al-Khayyam"
Omar al-Khayyam
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